GI disorders Flash Cards
What should be included in your general assessment of a patient?
history, medications, pain level, location, duration, diagnostic tests, fluid and electrolytes, CBC, physical exam, food intake, calories
What body parts should be included in physical exam of the GI?
mouth, abdomen, rectum (stool quality and vomitus)
What are risk factors that can cause GI problems?
peristalsis and nutrition problems, immobility, medications, dehydration, anorexia, age, infection
What are some common manifestations of GI disorders?
anorexia, n & v, vomiting, dysphagia, constipation, diarrhea, constipation, pain, bleeding
_____ is the feeling to vomit
nausea
What s/s will accompany nausea?
diaphoresis, increased salivation, pallor, tachycardia, dizziness, and faintness
True or false, nausea is defined as reverse peristalsis and relaxation of the esophageal sphincter
False, vomiting
What are 2 types of vomiting?
projectile and retching (dry heaves)
Your post-op patient Kim is experiencing severe vomiting. What would you included in your assessment?
Condition associated with N/V, amount, odor, content [undigested food, mucus, parasites, foreign bodies, and color (green, red, coffee grounds, black, brown)]
After your assessment of Kim (severe vomiting), what nursing interventions would you implement?
NPO, IV w/ electrolyte replacement, NG tube insertion, give antiemetic
What preventative measures can you implement to prevent your patient for vomiting?
give water first, then slowly give clear liquids, warm cola, continue to increase if no vomiting, advance dry toast, crackers, bland food as tolerated.
What foods should a patient avoid that stimulate peristalsis?
high fat foods, orange juice, caffeine, high fiber, extremely hot or cold fluids
True or False, Bowel movements can vary from three a day to three a week
TRUE
What are your nursing interventions for constipation?
assist physician tx underlying cause, encourage to eat HIGH fiber diet to increase the bulk, increase fluid intake, administer prescribed laxatives/stool softeners, and assist in relieving stress
What are your nursing interventions that diarrhea?
record the color, volume, frequency and consistency of stools; identify factors that cause or contribute to diarrhea; eliminate gas-producing and spicy foods; rest the bowel; record weight regularly; monitor skin; antidiarrheal medications
You are educating your patient who has had diarrhea for the past two days on the ideal diet he should eat. What do you encourage him to eat?
a low-fiber, high-protein, high-calorie diet
What are some common diagnostic tests for GI disorders?
gastric analysis, lab tests (serum & urine), x-rays, endoscopy
What are 5 endoscopy diagnostic procedures?
gastroscopy, EGD, ERCP, colonoscopy, sigmoidoscopy
What does ERCP stand for and what is it?
endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography. Exam of the hepatobilary system performed via a flexible endoscope inserted into the esophagus.
What does EGD stand for and what is it?
Esophagogastroduodenoscopy. Test to examine the lining of the esophagus
True or False, a upper gastrointestinal fiberoscopy is the aspiration of gastric juice to measure pH, appearance, volume and contents
False, Gastric analysis
What do you educate your patient on Pre-test and post-test instructions for gastric analysis?
Pre-Test: NPO 8 hours, avoidance of stimulants, drug and smoking. Post-test: resume normal activities
True or False, the only nursing responsibility for x-rays is prep
TRUE
What are the nursing responsibilities for endoscopy, ERCP, and colonoscopy
preps (MD order), consents, conscious sedation, post procedure assessment