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PEDS Rotation > Peds Head Injuries and Neuro > Flashcards

Peds Head Injuries and Neuro Flashcards

1
Q

Crescent shape on CT is what type of injury?

A

Subdural hematoma

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2
Q

Subdural Hematoma results from tearing of what?

A

(U) VeinsArteries are possible as well

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3
Q

Subdural Hematoma results in separation of what?

A

Arachnoid from dura

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4
Q

Subdural Hematoma prognosis?

A

Poor

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5
Q

Elliptical shape on CT is what type of injury?

A

Epidural hematoma

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6
Q

Epidural hematoma results from tearing of what?

A

Arteries

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7
Q

Epidural hematoma is bleeding into what space?

A

b/w dura and skull

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8
Q

Epidural hematoma prognosis depends on what?

A

Mass effect, pushing against brain as the dura pulls away from skull

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9
Q

Injury to temporal or occipital region most commonly results in what kind of bleed?

A

Epidural hematoma

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10
Q

Slivers on CT is what type of injury?

A

Subarachnoid hematoma

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11
Q

Blood in CSF is indicative of what injury?

A

Subarachnoid hematoma

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12
Q

Concussion is?

A

Trauma-caused alteration in mental status, with or without LOC

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13
Q

Concussions mechanism of injury in the brain?

A

Shearing of axons

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14
Q

Seizure is?

A

Hyperdischarge of brain neurons causing involuntary behavior, motor, sensation

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15
Q

Epilepsy is?

A

2+ unprovoked seizures

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16
Q

Seizures can be provoked by?

A 
Fever
Head trauma
Illness
Metabolic imbalance
Ingested toxin
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17
Q

Seizure classes?

A

Generalized: tonic-clonic affecting entire body

Focal: from specific area of cortex, +/- spread to entire brain

18
Q

Seizure DDX?

A

Syncope (can have tonic-clonic)
Breath-holding
Tourette syndrome

19
Q 
Seizure tx:  Tonic-Clonic
Absence
Partial
Neonate
Acute treatment
A 
Valproic Acid (Depakote)
Ethosuximide
Carbamazepine
Phenobarbital
BZs
20
Q

Bacterial Meningitis mechanism?

A

Replication in subarachnoid space

21
Q

Bacterial Meningitis seen mostly in what population?

A

<6mo due to MMR, Hib and pneumo vaccines at 6mo

22
Q

Bacterial Meningitis most C cause <2mo?

A

E coli or Klebsiella

23
Q

Bacterial Meningitis most C cause 2-6mo?

A

S pneumo

24
Q

Bacterial Meningitis most C cause 6mo-1yr?

A

Neisseria

then S pneumo

25
Q

Bacterial Meningitis general presentation?

A

1) Insidious onset of fever and nonspecific sxs

2) Rapid (1-2hr) onset of fever and mental status changes

26
Q

Bacterial Meningitis specific signs?

A 
FEVER
Neck pain/rigidity
HA/Photophobia
Mental status changes
(P) Focal neuro deficits
27
Q

Bacterial Meningitis dx?

A 
Lumbar puncture U = 
Leukocytosis
Low Glucose
High protein
\+ culture
28
Q

Bacterial Meningitis tx: 2mo?

A

Ampicillin + Cefotax + aminogly

Dexamethasone + Cefotax

29
Q

Bacterial Meningitis specialized PE tests?

A

Kernig’s: straightened leg = back pain and neck flex

Brudzinski’s: passive neck flex = involuntary leg bending

30
Q

Bacterial Meningitis sequela?

A

Deafness

Congnitive deficits

31
Q

Viral (Aseptic) Meningitis most C cause?

A

Enterovirus

32
Q

Viral Meningitis epidemiology?

A

U < 1 yo

Summer/Winter

33
Q

Viral Meningitis presentation?

A

U fever, ST –»

Severe HA

34
Q

Viral Meningitis dx?

A 
Lumbar puncture = 
Leukopenia
Neutrocytosis early
Lymphocytosis later
Glu and Protein N
35
Q

Cerebral Palsy is?

Timing?

A

Brain damage affecting mm movement

Before, during or after birth up to 3 yo

36
Q

Cerebral Palsy presentation?

A

Stiff or floppy
Asymmetric tone/movements
Miss milestones

37
Q

Cerebral Palsy Spastic Type?

A

Most C
Pyramidal tract lesions
Hypertone/stiffness
Hyperreflex, clonus

38
Q

Cerebral Palsy Dyskinetic Type?

A

Extrapyramidal

Involuntary mvmt

39
Q

Cerebral Palsy Ataxic Type?

A

Tremors

Lost coordination

40
Q

Cerebral Palsy DDX?

A

Degenerative dis
Metabolic dis
Neuromuscular dis
CA of brain or cord

PEDS Rotation (10 decks)

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