PEDS Flashcards
The nurse caring for a client who is receiving oxytocin (Pitocin) should
monitor the fetal heart rate.
Oxytocin
produces uterine contractions
Oxytocin
can cause fetal anoxia
The umbilical cord normally contains
two arteries and one vein
RhoGam
given to unsensitized Rh-Negative mother after delivery or abortion of an Rh-positive infant
Given to fetus to prevent the development of sensitization
RhoGam
Direct Coomb’s test
done on the cord’s blood after delivery
if both are negative and neonate is Rh-positive
mother is given RhoGam
Administration of RhoGam is given at
26 to 28 weeks gestation
RhoGam is ineffective against
RH-positive antibodies already in maternal circulation
Circumoral cyanosis
bluish discoloration around the mouth
The purpose of administering vitamin K to a neonate is to
increase the prothrombin time
The fetus of a pregnant woman that acquires rubella may develop
congenital rubella syndrome
blindness, deafness, heart defects, mental retardation, cleft lip and palate
congenital rubella syndrome
Breastfeeding
has an antidiabetogenic effect
teach Diabetic mother to use less
insulin
Growth
refers to the process which results in an increase in size
Development
refers to increases in complexity of form or function
Maturation
refers to the total way in which a person grows and develops, as dictated by inheritance
Ordinal position
has a bearing on development
Apgar score
used to determine major body systems responses to birth
Infant mortality rate
defined by the number infant deaths per 1,000 live births
The higher the score of the Apgar system
the better the neonate’s condition is, with a maximum total of ten
Nasal flaring
sign of respiratory distress
Sunken eyes and fontanel
suggests dehydration in an infant
Lack of eye muscle control is present in all
newborns
At birth eye function
limited but matures fully during the early years
Normally a child achieves 20/20 vision acuity by
6 to 7 years of age
The normal respiratory range for a newborn
30 to 80 breaths/minute
The anterior fontanel closes by
12-18 months of age
The posterior fontanel ossifies usually by the end of the
second month
Depressed fontanels means the child is
dehydrated
Bulging fontanels
increased Inter-cranial Pressure (ICP)
Lanugo
fine hair
Lanugo
on the skin of the newborn tends to disappear during the first week of life
The normal vital signs for a newborn I hour after birth
HR 140 bpm, R 50
Strabismus
normal in the first month of life
Small white dots on the nose
milia
milia on the nose are
Normal
Vernix caseosa
cheese like substance that covers the skin of the neonate
Normal on the infant’s skin
Vernix caseosa
thought to protect the skin from infection
Vernix caseosa
The circumference of the newborn infant’s head is expected to be
equal or slightly larger than the chest
average head circumference of neonates
13 to 14 inches
Newborn babies like
human faces and simple patterns
Check for urine retention after the
circumcision of the neonate
A soft swollen area on the newborn infant’s scalp that extends over the suture lines
caput succedaneum
caput succedaneum
no nursing intervention necessary
The umbilical cord normally contains
two arteries and one vein
A breast –fed baby has 6 to 10 small
loose, golden yellow stools per day
A formula fed baby has
dark green, pastry stools
A 5% weight loss is normal among
healthy newborns, some few days after delivery
Willingness and motivation to breastfeed are
important for successful breastfeeding
The signs and symptoms of hypoglycemia in the newborn
jitteriness and lethargy
The nurse should perform a hell stick to check for hypoglycemia
which can cause jittery movements in a neonate
Signs and Symptoms of cocaine addicted neonate
constant crying, jitteriness, and poor feeding emesis, respiratory distress and seizures
A cocaine addicted neonate typically experience withdrawal
8-10 hours after birth
Vitamin K
Vitamin K
is given to neonates to promote blood clotting and prevent hemorrhage
Vitamin K
Ophthalmia neonatorum
an acute conjunctivitis of the newborn infant
often caused by Neisseria gonorrhoeae and Chlamydia trachomatis
Ophthalmia neonatorum
A 0.5% erythromycin solution
instilled in the neonate’s eye to prevent chlamydial ophthalmia and gonococcal ophthalmia
Indirect Coombs test
during the prenatal period can show previous exposure to Rh-positive antigens
direct Coombs test
done on umbilical cord blood
positive result usually indicates Rh incompatibility
direct Coombs test
RhoGam
administered to women at risk for Erythroblastosis fetalis within 72 hours after birth
RhoGam
Give within 72 hours after birth
Treatment of Erythroblastosis fetalis includes a
combination of phototherapy and exchange transfusion
Severe jaundice
may cause Kernicterus
Kernicterus
accumulation of bilirubin in the brain tissue
may cause severe brain damage, may leave newborn mentally retarded, and frequently results in death
Severe jaundice
Children with PKU need to avoid
sweetner Aspartame (Nutra Sweet)
Children with PKU need to avoid sweetner Aspartame (Nutra Sweet)
because it is converted to phenylalanine in the body
The 3 classic signs of congenital hip dysplasia
i) unequal skin folds (ii) limitation of abduction (iii) unequal knee height
The Ortolani’s sign or Ortlani’s click is considered diagnostic for
congenital hip dysplasia
A body (spica cast)
maintains the legs in a frog-like position (with hips abducted
used to treat congenital dislocations of the hip
A body (spica cast)
The infant with Down’s syndrome often has
slanting eyes and low set ears
The most desirable behavioral state to test infant responses is
quiet-alert
A sign of adequate hydration in a neonate is
six to eight wet diapers a day
Umbilical cord care
cleaning the cord stump three times per day with alcohol until the cord falls off in 1 to 2 weeks
Newborn infants should not be discharged before
meconium stool is observed and recorded
Meconium stools shoud be expected between
24 and 48 hours
Any remark that indicates dissatisfaction with the infant may indicate a problem with
attachment or bonding
When caring for a neonate receiving phototherapy the nurse should
remember to reposition the neonate frequently
PKU
phenylketonuria
As part of your discharge instruction, tell the mother of a neonate to have the child tested for PKU (phenylketonuria) between
48 and 72 hours after birth
Denver Development Screening Test
evaluates the development level of social, motor and language skills in children ages 1 month to 6 years
Physiological jaundice, in contrast to pathological jaundice
appears between the third and fifth day of life and last for a week
Extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) is used with
meconium aspiration syndrome to oxygenate the blood while the lungs heal
One outstanding symptom of a child with Down syndrome
a deep straight line across the palm
SIMIAN crease
a deep straight line across the palm
One of the most distinctive features of infants with down syndrome at birth is
decreased muscle tension and strength called hypotonia
decreased muscle tension and strength
hypotonia
Because phenylalanine is found in all natural protein foods
a synthetic food providing enough protein for growth and tissue repair must be substituted
inspect the gluteal and popliteal folds of the hips to assess for
congenital hip dysplasia
heart rate of the newborn infant should be determined by
auscultation of the apical pulse
Mongolian spots
bluish discoloration of the skin
Mongolian spots
common in black babies disappear in the first year of life
When measuring the head circumference, the nurse measures the head slightly
above the eyebrows and pinnae to the occipital prominence
