NUTRITION Flashcards
Processed and canned foods are generally very high in
Sodium
Fresh fruits and vegetables are usually low in
sodium
One gram of protein contains
4 calories 4
Vitamin K deficiency may affect
blood coagulation
Meals with green leafy vegetables are high in
vitamin K
Meals with green leafy vegetables are
antagonistic to Coumadin
Examples of green leafy vegetables
Kale, spinach
Meals high in cholesterol would involve those with
cheese and eggs
Canned soups are
high in sodium
Canned soups
should be avoided by people on low sodium diet
Most canned soups contain about
1000mg of sodium per serving
Organ meats, sardines in oil, beans, lentils
high protein diet
Organ meats, sardines in oil, beans, lentils (high protein diet)
should be avoided by a client with gout
A cholesterol level of 200mg/dl is associated with
increased risk for coronary artery disease
The 12 amino acids the liver is able to synthesize is called
nonessential amino acid
The 8 amino acids the liver cannot synthesize are called
essential amino acids
Essential amino acids
required in the diet
Vitamin B12
found only in animal food
After gastrectomy
the patient will have to receive vitamin B12 injections periodically
The intrinsic factor which is necessary for the absorption of B12
produced in the stomach
Strict vegetarians should include a reliable source of
vitamin B12 in the diet such as fortified breakfast cereal
Treatment of pernicious anemia requires
B12 injections for a lifetime
Vitamin D
may be a nutrient of concern for elderly patients in long term facilities
Vitamin D status may be impaired for older clients because
synthesis is decreased in older adults
Signs and symptoms of vitamin D deficiency
Osteomalacia (adults)
Osteomalacia
weakening and softening of the bones
A good source of calcium for clients who do not like milk
green, leafy vegetables
The most significant impact on reducing the risk of kidney stone formation is
increased intake of fluids.
A low calcium diet is prescribed for patients at risk for
renal calculi (such as immobilized patients)
Risk for prostate cancer may be reduced by
increasing consumption of fruits, vegetables and whole grains
Iron
needs increase during pregnancy because of maternal red blood volume and iron storage in the fetus
For a patient who is bedridden or is inactive in bed, provide small meals with high fiber to prevent
constipation
spinach, beef, liver, prunes, pork, broccoli, legumes, whole bread and cereal
Common food sources of iron include
If maternal dietary intake of calcium is inadequate
the mother would lose her stores of calcium
Cow’s milk is not suitable for infants (under one year) because it is
high in protein which may lead to dehydration
Chemotherapy
can contribute to the development of malnutrition
can contribute to the development of malnutrition as a result of chemotherapeutic agents effects on the GI tract, effect on basal metabolism, and association with nausea and decreased food intake
Chemotherapy
Surgical treatment of pancreatic cancer may result in
Type 1 diabetes mellitus
Clients on hemodialysis are routinely supplemented with
calcium, vitamin B6, and folic acid
Clients with chronic renal failure need supplementation of
water-soluble vitamins
For adults, a desirable total cholesterol level is
less than 200 mg/dl
Daily weights
are the best indicator of fluid balance
The Islamic religion excludes
pork from the diet
Orthodox Judaism
excludes pork from the diet
A client with chronic renal failure is placed on
low protein, low potassium diet
A sign of readiness for introduction to solid foods
when the baby shows an interest in what the family is eating
The reason older adults are often dehydrated may be that they often have
diminished sense of thirst
Clinical manifestations of nephrotic syndrome include
hypoalbuminemia and hyperlipidemia
In a client with type 2 diabetes mellitus, the more body fat the client has
the more resistant the body cells are to insulin
To assist the client suffering from taste/smell alterations as a result of cancer or cancer therapy
recommend the use of eggs or cottage cheese in place of meats
Clients receiving MAOIs who also consume foods high in tyramine may experience a
hypertensive crisis that could be fatal
Foods high in tyramine include
avocados; figs; overripe bananas; fermented and aged meats; sausages such as bologna
Clear liquids are
those you can see through
orange juice
Not considered clear liquid
Examples are clear liquids
gelatin, broth, apple juice, cranberry juice, and tea
baked potato
rich in potassium
banana
rich in potassium
rich in potassium
avocado
cantaloupe
rich in potassium
If a client with congestive heart failure tires easily
it might be best to offer smaller meals throughout the day
The objectives of medical nutrition therapy for the client with congestive heart failure are to
minimize cardiac workload and reduce edema
A useful suggestion for encouraging food intake for clients with pulmonary disorders is to
encourage rest before meals
