NEW BORN/ PEDS Flashcards
Apgar system rates
the neonate
Apgar score
heart rate, respiratory effort, muscle tone, reflex irritability and color at 1 minute and again at 5 minutes after birth
When caring for a newborn infant immediately after birth
the first priority is to maintain a clear airway
The best technique to use when bathing a 5-hour neonate is to keep her under a
radiant warmer and give a sponge bath
When a mother is feeding a neonate
the mother should bring the neonate to the breast, not the breast to the neonate
The America Academy of Pediatrics recommends that babies be placed flat on their backs when
sleeping (supine)
When an infant is receiving phototherapy with standard high-intensity lights
you should explain to the parents that the infant can be removed for feeding and short visits
The infant demonstrates the rooting reflex when he turns the head in the direction of anything that
touches the cheek, in anticipation of food
Prancing movements of the legs when a neonate is held upright
dancing reflex
Typically an infant can pull up to a sitting position
6 months
Reaching for objects and moving hands to the mouth are accomplished at
3 months of age
Extension and adduction of the extremities and leaving the hands open with the fingers curved
Moro reflex
Walking independently may be accomplished as late as
15 months
Auditory toys and contrasted colors
attract the neonate
Turning a doorknob is a milestone of a
24 month old child
Large blocks and teething toys are appropriate for a
6 to 12 month-old baby
Mobiles are good toys for infants from
birth to 2 months
When a child is in isolation
instruct the parents to bring washable toys
By the age of 9 months
the infant complies with simple verbal command
At the age 12 months
the infant clings to parents in unfamiliar situations
Pre-schoolers
show a low frustration level and strike out physically
The nurse would observe passive resistance in
school age children
The Wong-Baker Faces
a pain rating scale used for preschool children
By 12months of age
infant has tripled in birth weight
Localized withdrawal
experienced by toddlers ages 1 to 3 in response to pain
Oral polio vaccine, diphtheria-tetanus-pertussis (DPT)
may be given in the second month after birth
Prior to entering school, the child will be required to receive a combination of
DPT, OPV, MMR
German measles
rubella
MMR vaccination
recommended at 12 to 15 months of age
The signs and symptoms of rubeola
fever, conjunctivitis, and cough
Vaccination
recommended for all children as a preventive measure for meningitis H. influenzae
Whenever a client receives rubella vaccine
she should not conceive for at least 3 months
Imipramine (tofranil)
has been found to decrease enuresis in children over 6 years of age
Infantile spasms
sudden brief, symmetric muscle contractions accompanied by rolling of the eyes
drug of choice for treating pediculosis
Nix
Nits on the head
are removed by combing the hair with a fine tooth comb
The most effective management of children with enuresis is
providing reassurance teaching, and support for the parents
Toddlers show fear of separation from their
parents, the dark, loud or sudden noises, strangers, certain persons, certain situations, animals, large objects or machines and change in environment.
Infants show fear of
strangers, the sudden appearance of unexpected and looming objects (including people). Animals and heights
Infants under age 1
become irritable and exhibit reflex withdrawal to painful stimuli, facial grimacing also occur School age children show fear of supernatural beings, injury, storms, the dark, staying alone, test and failure in school, and death
Infants and toddlers
experience separation anxiety as their major stressor during hospitalization
Anxiety related to separation from parents should be the focus of plan of care of an
infant during hospitalization
Temper tantrums
more typical response of toddlers to hospitalization
Preschoolers
frequently think illness and hospitalization are punishment for misdeeds
School age and older children commonly
fear a lack of acceptance when they become ill
The school age child fears body disability and death
worry about separation from peers
Parallel play, or playing side by side and occasionally trading toys and words, is usually
observed in toddlers
Playing side by side while each child engages in his own activities
associative play
Playing side by side while each child engages in his own activities
usually observed in preschoolers
Dramatic play, or living out the dramas of life, is observed in
preschoolers
6-month old infant
starts to imitate sounds and vocalize one syllable sounds such as “ma”
At age 3 to 6 months
most babies enjoy rattles, stuffed animals, and soft toys with contrasting colors as toys
The best way to prepare a toddler for a procedure is
give a brief explanation immediately before the procedure
Building a tower of three or four blocks
a milestone of an 18 month old infant
Infants typically sit independently without support, by
age 8 months
Transferring objects is commonly the last skill acquired by a
7-month old infant
Adolescents can understand the significance of hospitalization on a
concrete and philosophical level
The macula
the area of keenest vision
absent at birth but it is developing by 4 months and is mature by 8 months
The macula
The healthy people 2,000 objectives addressed
problems of infancy and early childhood
Concrete experiences
are the most meaningful learning for a school age child
Concrete experiences are the most meaningful learning for a school age child
This is the rational for pediatric orientation programs
An effective means of establishing rapport with the hospitalized preschooler
through therapeutic play
The preschoolers demonstrates need for parents
and also fear mutilation while hospitalized, they do not understand body integrity
Adolescents
show fear of inept social performance, social isolation, sexuality, drugs, war, diverse crowd, public speaking, plane and car crashes and death
