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INCO > Pediatrics- Normal > Flashcards

Pediatrics- Normal Flashcards

1
Q

Most rapid Growth

A

Infant

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2
Q

Preterm Weeks

A

28-32wks

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3
Q

Preterm Characteristics

A

Frog leg/ Lax Position
Hypotonic Muscle Tone
Square Window Wrist
Scarf sign (elbow passes midline)
Heel to ear sign
Abundant Lanugo
Prominent Labia Minora
Prominent Labia Majora
Prominent Clitoris

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4
Q

Post-term weeks

A

> 42wks

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5
Q

Post-term characteristics

A

Old man’s face (classic sign)
Desquamation ( peeling of the skin) / (extreme dryness starting from the sole and palm)

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6
Q

Normal birth weight

A

2.5-4kgs

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7
Q

Weight doubles at

A

6months

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8
Q

Weight Triples at

A

12months

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9
Q

Weight quadruples at

A

2 and 1/2 years

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10
Q

Normal measurements in Newborn
Length:
Head Circumference:
Chest Circumference:

A

Length: 46-54cm
Head Circumference: 33-35cm
Chest Circumference: 31-33cm

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11
Q

Neonate in Nursing

A
  1. Upon receiving- proper identification
  2. Take anthropometric measurements
  3. Bath the baby. Full bath if mom is (+) Hepa
  4. Dress umbilical cord
  5. Adm. Credes Prophylaxis
  6. Adm. Vit. K
  7. Take weight
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12
Q

Indication of 2 Vein and 1 Artery in Neonate

A

Suspect Kidney Malformation

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13
Q

Indication of 2 Vein and 1 Artery in Neonate

A

Suspect Kidney Malformation

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14
Q

Failure of the umbilical cord to fall between the first 7th-10th day

A

Umbilical Granulation

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15
Q

30mL blood loss from umbilical cord

A

Ompalagia

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16
Q

What drug is adm for umbilical granulation

A

Silver nitrate

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17
Q

What does failure of startle/Moro reflex to disappear at 5-6months indicate

A

Brain damage

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18
Q

Persistent Primitive Reflex

A

Cerebral Palsy

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19
Q

Rapid eyelid closure when strong light is shown

A

Blink reflex

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20
Q

Baby grasps solid objects placed on palm

A

Palmas Grasp Reflex

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21
Q

Purpose of palmar grasp reflex and when does it normally disappear

A

To Cling to mother for safety

D: 6wks - 2months

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22
Q

Neonate places on a vertical position with their face touching a hard surface will take few quick alternating steps

A

Step in/ Walk in Place Reflex

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23
Q

Almost the same with step in reflex only that you are touching anterior surface of a newborn’s leg

A

Placing Reflex

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24
Q

When newborn lie on their backs, their heads usually turn to one side or the other. The arm and the leg on the side to which the head turns extend, and the opposite arm and leg contract.

A

Tonic- neck reflex

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25
Q

When an object touches the sole of newborn’s foot at the base of toes, the toes grasp in the same manner as finger do

A

Plantar grasp reflex
Disappears at 8-9 months in preparation for walking

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26
Q

Test for neurological integrity (jarring crib loud voice) assume a letter C position

A

Moro Reflex
Disappear at 4-5months

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27
Q

When there is pressure at the sole of the foot, the baby pushes back against the pressure

A

Magnet Reflex

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28
Q

When the sole of the foot is stimulated by a sharp object, it causes the foot to rise and the other foot extend (test for spinal cord integrity)

A

Crossed Extension Reflex

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29
Q

While in prone position and the para vertical area is stimulated, it causes flexion of the trunk and swing his pelvis toward the touch

A

Truck Incurvation Reflex

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30
Q

While prone position and the trunk is being supported, the baby exhibit muscle tone

A

Landau Reflex
-Test for muscle tone and present by 6-9months

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31
Q

While on ventral suspension with the sudden change of equilibrium, it causes extension of the hands and the legs

A

Parachute Reflex
- present by 6-9months

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32
Q

When the sole of foot is stimulated by a inverted “J”, it cause fanning of the toes

A

Babinski Reflex
- disappear by 2months but may persist up to 2years

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33
Q

Immediate Care of Newborn

A
  1. Initiation and maintenance of respiration
  2. Establishment of extrauterine circulation
  3. Control of body temperature
  4. Intake of adequate elimination
  5. Establishment of waste elimination
  6. Prevention of infection
  7. Establishment of an infant-parent relationship
  8. Development care that balances part and stimulation for mental development
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34
Q

Lung function begins

A

After birth

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35
Q

Baby’s head position to facilitate drainage

A

Side

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36
Q

Suction what first?
How many seconds is suctioning

A

Nose
5-10s

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37
Q

Prolong deep suctioning may result to

A

Hypoxia, bradycardia, and laryngospasm

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38
Q

If suctioning is not effective, then?

A

Laryngoscopy. Then ET is inserted

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39
Q

After ET insertion due to airway problems in neonate, what is the pressure and the percent of 02

A

Positive pressure bag
Mask with 100 % at 40-60 bpm

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40
Q

Overdose of oxygen

A

Retrolental fibroplasia (retinopathy of the prematurity)
Scarring

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41
Q

Never adm. O2 when meconium stained because it will force the meconium to the alveolar sac causing

A

Atelectasis

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42
Q

Circulation is initiated by ______ and is completed by _____

A

Pulmonary ventilation
Cutting of umbilical cord

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43
Q

Pressure on left of the heart causes closure of the

A

Foramen Ovale

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44
Q

2 ways to facilitate closure of foramen ovale

A
  1. Tangential foot slap
  2. Proper positioning - right side lying
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45
Q

Foramen ovale closes at

A

24hrs complete by 1year

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46
Q

Ductus arteriosus closes at

A

24hrs complete by 1 month

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47
Q

Ductus venosus closes at

A

2months

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48
Q

Umbilical arteries

A

2-3months

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49
Q

Umbilical vein

A

2-3months

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50
Q

Best position after birth

A

Nsd: trendelendberg
Cs: supine or crib level position

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51
Q

Signs of Inc ICP

A

Abnormally large head
Bulging and tense Fontanel
Projectile vomiting ( surest sign of cerebral irritation)
Inc BP but widening pulse pressure
Dec RR
Dec PR
High pitch shrill cry (late sign)
Diplopia ( sign of ICP from 6month to 1 year old)

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52
Q

Hypothermia in preterm and sga leads to

A

Hypothermia and cold stress

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53
Q

Factors leading to hypothermia

A

Poikilothermic (babies are born cold blooded)
Inadequate subcutaneous fats
Not capable of shivering
Born wet

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54
Q

Process of heat loss

A

Evaporation
Conduction
Convection
Radiation

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55
Q

Body to air

A

Evaporation

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56
Q

Body to cold solid object

A

Conduction

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57
Q

Body to cooler surrounding air

A

Convection

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58
Q

Body to cold object and in contrast with body

A

Radiation

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59
Q

Effects of hypothermia

A

Hypoglycemia
Metabolic Acidosis
High risk for kernicterus
Additional fatigue due to stressful heart

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60
Q

Prevention of cold stress

A

Dry and wrapped newborns
Mechanical Measures
Prevent unnecessary exposure
Use tin foil in absence of electricity
Embrace baby (kangaroo care)

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61
Q

Due to catabolism of brown fats

A

Metabolic Acidosis

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62
Q

Mechanical measures

A

Radiant measures
Isolette

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63
Q

Square acrylic sided incubator, must be preheated first

A

Isolette

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64
Q

When to breastfeed
Nsd:
CS:

A

NSD: immediately
CS: after 4hrs

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65
Q

When is colostrum present on CS

A

3rd Trimester

66
Q

Dec. level of _____ and ______ stimulates the _____, that stimulates the ____ of the _____ (alveoli) to produce the foremilk store in _____

A

Estrogen and progesterone
Anterior pituitary gal d
Prolactin
Acinar cells
Lactiferous tubules

67
Q

Advantages of breast milk

A

Very economical
Always available
Promotes bonding
Helps in rapid involution
Decrease incidence of breast cancer
Breast fed babies have higher IQs
It contains anti body (IgA) lactobacillus bifidus that interfere attach of pathogenic bacteria in GIT
Contains macrophages

68
Q

Breasmilk available for 2 days after delivery

A

Colostrum

69
Q

COlostrum contains

A

Low fat
Low carbohydrates
High protein
High fat-soluble vitamins
High immunoglobulin
High minerals

70
Q

4-14 days breasmillk

A

Transitional

71
Q

Transitional breastmilk contains

A

High Lactulose
High minerals
High water-soluble vitamins

72
Q

Breastmilk available for 14 days and above

A

Mature Milk

73
Q

Mature Mill contains

A

High Fats
High Carbohydrates
Low Protein

74
Q

Linoleic acid responsible for integrity and development of skin

A

High fats in breastmilk

75
Q

Lactose, easily digested responsible for sour milk smelling odor of stool

A

High carbohydrate in breasmilk

76
Q

Protein in breastmilk

A

Lactalbumin

77
Q

Disadvantages of cow’s milk and breast milk

A

No iron
Possibility of HIV and Hepa B transmission
Father cannot feed/ bond as well

78
Q

Contents of cow’s milk

A

High fat
Low carbs
High protein
High minerals
High phosphorus

79
Q

Cow’s milk content in protein that has a courd that is hard to digest

A

Casein

80
Q

Cow milk content that has traumatic effect on baby’s kidney

A

High minerals

81
Q

Position for breast feeding

A

Upright sitting

82
Q

Touch side of lips or cheek and baby will turn to stimulus

A

Rooting reflex
Purpose- to look for food

83
Q

When does rooting reflex disappear

A

6weeks because can already feed

84
Q

By touching the mouth of lip then baby will suck

A

Sucking

85
Q

Purpose of sucking

A

Take in food

86
Q

Disappear when not stimulated

A

Sucking

87
Q

Food touches posterior portion of tongue automatically swallow

A

Swallowing Reflex

88
Q

Food touches anterior portion of tongue and tongue automatically extrude/ protrude

A

Extrusion/ Protrusion Reflex

89
Q

Purpose of extrusion/ protrusion reflex

A

Prevent for food poisoning

90
Q

When does protrusion/ extrusion reflex didappear

A

4months because can already spit

91
Q

When does protrusion/ extrusion reflex didappear

A

4months

92
Q

Criteria of effective sucking

A

Baby’s mouth is hike well up to areola
Mother experiences after pain
Other nipple is flowing with milk

93
Q

Breast feeding techniques

A

Begin 2-3mins/ breast
Inc 1min/ day each breast until you reach 10mins each breast or 20mins/ feeding

94
Q

Proper emptying

A

Feed baby on the last breast that you fed him

95
Q

Problems in breastfeeding

A

Engorgement
Sore nipple
Mastitis

96
Q

Management for engorgement

A

Warm compress

97
Q

Sore nipple manangement

A

Exposure to air or 20watt bulb
Avoid wearing plastic liner bra, instead wear cotton bra

98
Q

Physiologic stool passed within 24-36hrs

A

Meconium

99
Q

Meconium characteristics

A

Blackish free
Odorless
Sticky
Tar like
No bacteria

100
Q

Failure to pass Meconium

A

Suspect GIT obstruction
-hirschsprung
-imperforate anus
-Meconium ileu (cystic fibrosis)

101
Q

Transitional stool caharacteristic

A

Green
Loose
Slimy

102
Q

Stool that Appears to be slight diarrhea to the untrained eye

A

Transitional stool

103
Q

Breastfed stool characteristics

A

Golden yellow
Soft
Mushy with sour milk smelling odor

104
Q

Bottle fed stool

A

Light yellow
Formed, hard with typical offensive odor
Passed 2-3times/ day

105
Q

W/ supplementary food added stool

A

Brown
Odorous

106
Q

Light stool

A

Jaundice baby

107
Q

Bright green

A

Phototherapy

108
Q

Mucous mixed with stool

A

Allergy

109
Q

Clay colored

A

Obstruction to bile duct

110
Q

Chalk clay/ whitish clad

A

Barium enema

111
Q

Black stool

A

GIT hemorrhage

112
Q

Blood flecked

A

Anal fissure

113
Q

Red currant jelly

A

Intususception

114
Q

Ribbon-like

A

Hirschsprung

115
Q

Steatorrhea in stool

A

Fatty, bulky, foul smelling
Suspect malabsorption
Cystic fibrosis or celiac disease

116
Q

HR of N

A

110-180

117
Q

I HR

A

110-160

118
Q

T HR

A

80-110

119
Q

P HR

A

70-110

120
Q

S HR

A

65-105

121
Q

A HR

A

60-100

122
Q

N HR

A

30-60

123
Q

I RR

A

30-60

124
Q

T RR

A

24-40

125
Q

P RR

A

22-34

126
Q

S RR

A

18-30

127
Q

A RR

A

12-18

128
Q

N systolic BP

A

60-90

129
Q

I systolic BP

A

70-105

130
Q

P systolic BP

A

90-110

131
Q

S systolic BP

A

97-120

132
Q

A systolic BP

A

110-130

133
Q

N diastolic BP

A

20-60

134
Q

I diastolic

A

35-55

135
Q

T diastolic BP

A

40-65

136
Q

P diastolic BP

A

45-70

137
Q

P diastolic BP

A

45-70

138
Q

S diastolic BP

A

55-70

139
Q

A diastolic BP

A

65-80

140
Q

Rectum temp

A

36.6 - 38 degrees C

141
Q

Rectum temp

A

36.6 - 38 degrees C

142
Q

Oral temp

A

35.5 - 37.5

143
Q

Axillary temp

A

36.5- 37.5

144
Q

Eat temp

A

36.7-38.0

145
Q

Austrian neurologist
Founder of psychoanalysis

A

Sigmund Freud

146
Q

Mouth Site of gratification

A

Oral Phase (0-18months)

147
Q

Oral Phase

A

Biting, crying, sucking
Provide oral stimulation
Never discourage thumb sucking

148
Q

Under satisfied oral phase

A

Dependent
Passive
They love kissing more than sex
Antisocial
Stubborn
Nail biting
Drinking
Suspicious person
Pessimistic
Envious
Smoking

149
Q

Oversatisfied oral phase

A

Full of admiration
Optimistic
Gullible

150
Q

Sigmund Freud theory

A

Psychosexual Theory

151
Q

Psychosexual Theory

A

Oral Phase (0-18months)
Anal Phase (18-3yrs)
Phallic Phase (4-6yrs)
Latent Phase (7-12yrs)
Genital Phase (12-18yrs)

152
Q

May show exhibitionim

A

Phallic Phase

153
Q

Male to mother attachment

A

Oedipus

154
Q

Female to father

A

Electra Complex

155
Q

Holding on in anal phase

A

Child wins, hard headed, antisocial, and stubborn

156
Q

Holding on in anal phase

A

Mother wins > kind, perfectionist, obedient, obsessive compulsive

157
Q

Strict toilet training (Anal Retentive)

A

Kind
Perfectionist
Obedient
Very organized
Punctual

158
Q

Lenient (anal expulsive)

A

Messy
Destructive
Rebellious
Disorganize
Wasteful
Hard headed

159
Q

Period of suppression

A

Latent Phase

160
Q

Achieved sexual maturity

A

Genital Phase

161
Q

Achieved sexual maturity

A

Genital Phase

INCO (6 decks)

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