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INCO > COMMUNICABLE DISEASES III > Flashcards

COMMUNICABLE DISEASES III Flashcards

1
Q

*A double –stranded DNA that Belongs to a
family of virus that causes the small pox

A

*MONKEYPOX (MPOX)

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2
Q

*FAMILY of monkeypox

A

Poxviridae

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3
Q

*GENUS of poxviridae that causes monkeypox

A

Orthopoxvirus

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4
Q

*OUTBREAK STARTED WHEN AND WHERE: monkeypox

A

2022, outside Africa

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5
Q

INCUBATION PERIOD of monkeypox

A

3-17 days

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6
Q

MODE OF TRANSMISSION of monkeypox

A

*ANIMAL TO HUMAN- HUNTING, SKINNING AND
COOKING ANIMALS
*HUMAN TO HUMAN – DIRECT CONTACT (
ESPECIALLY SEXUAL INTERCOURSE AMONG MEN
WITH MEN)
*CONTAMINATED SHEETS, CLOTHES, NEEDLES

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7
Q

INCUBATION PERIOD OF MONKEYPOX

A

3-17 DAYS

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8
Q

PPEARS 1-4 DAYS LATER AFTER
FLU-LIKE SYMPTOMS (INITIALLY ITCHY PIMPLE
OR BLISTER—THEN BECOMES A SCAB)

A

RASH

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8
Q

❑SIGNS AND SYMPTOMS of monkeypox

A

STARTS WITH FLU-lIKE SYMPTOMS
fever/ chills/ coryza
sore throat
cough
nasal congestion
myalgia
headache
lymphadenopathy
rash- APPEARS 1-4 DAYS LATER AFTER
FLU-LIKE SYMPTOMS (INITIALLY ITCHY PIMPLE
OR BLISTER—THEN BECOMES A SCAB)
Anergia/ Exhaustion

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9
Q

RARE SIGNS AND SYMPTOMS OF MONKEYPOX

A

*RECTAL PAIN AND SWELLING

*DYSURIA

*SKIN LESIONS ON PALMS AND SOLES,
FACE, MOUTH, THROAT, GROIN,
GENITAL AREAS AND ANUS

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10
Q

*DIAGNOSTIC TEST FOR MONKEYPOX

A

RT-PCR Test

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11
Q

*PHARMACOLOGIC MANAGEMENT during the asymptomatic stage

A

ANTIVIRAL DRUGS

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12
Q

antiviral drugs for monkeypox

A

*TECOVIRIMAT

*CIDOFOVIR

*BRINCIDOFOVIR

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13
Q

vaccine for the prevention for
smallpox and monkeypox)

A

Jynneos

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14
Q

vaccine for monkeypox
❑AGE:____ and above
❑DOSAGE: ___ ML
❑ROUTE: _____
❑ALTERNATIVE: ____ ; ROUTE: _____
❑NUMBER OF DOSES:
❑INTERVAL: ___WEEKS

A

❑AGE:18 and above
❑DOSAGE: 0.5 ML
❑ROUTE: SQ
❑ALTERNATIVE: 0.1mL ; ROUTE: ID
❑NUMBER OF DOSES: 2
❑INTERVAL: 4 WEEKS apart

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15
Q

WHEN DO YOU GET THE VACCINE TOO for monkeypox?

A

❑EXPOSURE TO MPOX CASE
❑HAD SEX WITH A CASE IN THE PAST 2 WEEKS
❑A GAY, BISEXUAL, TRANSGENDER, NON-BINARY
OR A MAN WHO AHD SEX WITH ANOTHER MAN
FOR THE 6 MONTHS AND WAS
DIAGNOSED TO HAVE CHLAMYDIA,
GONORRHEA, SYPHILLIS
❑MULTIPLE SEX PARTNERS

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16
Q

when was the recent case for anthrax

A

NOVEMBER 2023 IN ZAMBIA

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17
Q

Causative agent of anthrax

A

bacillus anthracis ( AEROBIC,
ENCAPSULATED, NON-MOTILE, NON-
HEMOLYTIC GRAM NEGATIVE, SPORE-
FORMING

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18
Q

*INCUBATION PERIOD of anthrax

A

1-7 days

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19
Q

TYPES OF ANTHRAX

A
  1. Inhalation Anthrax
  2. Cutaneous Anthrax
  3. Gastrointestinal Anthrax
  4. Injection Anthrax
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20
Q

INHALATION/BREATHING IN OF
ANTHRAX SPORES

A

Inhalation Anthrax

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21
Q

_________________EATING/DRINKING CONTAMINATED
FOOD (RAW OR UNDERCOOKED) AND WATER WITH SPORES

A

Gastrointestinal Anthrax

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22
Q

_________________TOUCHING SPORES WITH A CUT OR
SCRAPE IN SKIN

A

Cutaneous Anthrax

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23
Q

_________________HEROIN –INJECTING DRUG USERS

A

Injection Anthrax

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24
Q

*MODE OF TRANSMISSION of anthrax

A

*CONTACT WITH INFECTED ANIMALS OR
CONTAMINATED ANIMAL PRODUCTS
(DRUMHEADS, WOOL CLOTHING)
*INHALATION/BREATHING IN OF ANTHRAX
SPORES AMONG WOOL MILL WORKERS,
SLAUGHTERHOUSES, TANNIERS
*EATING/DRINKING CONTAMINATED FOOD (RAW
OR UNDERCOOKED) AND WATER WITH SPORES-
*TOUCHING SPORES WITH A CUT OR SCRAPE IN
SKIN-

*HEROIN –INJECTING DRUG USERS

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25
Q

Cutaneous ANTHRAX SIGNS/SYMPTOMS

A

*ITCHY SMALL BLISTERS OR LUMPS
*PAINLESS SORE ON FACE, NECK, ARMS WITH BLACK
CENTER

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26
Q

inhalation anthrax SIGNS/SYMPTOMS

A

fever/ chills
heavy sweating
chest pain
shortness of breath
confusion, dizziness
nausea/ vomiting
myalgia
extreme tiredness
headache

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26
Q

gastrointestinal ANTHRAX SIGNS/SYMPTOMS

A

fever/ chills
lymphadenopathy
sore throat
hematesis (vomitus in blood)
syncope
hoarseness of voice
odynophagia
N/V
Diarrhea
Headache

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27
Q

injection anthrax s/sx

A

❑SWELLING AT INJECTION SITE

❑Erythema

❑Excessive bruising

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28
Q

PHARMACOLOGIC MANAGEMENT of anthrax
first line agents. how many days?

A

fluoroquinolone
7=10 days

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28
Q

fluoroquinolone drugs for anthrax

A

ciprofloxacin
moxifloxacin
levofloxacin

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29
Q

other drugs for anthrax

A

doxycycline
penicillin
clindamycin

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30
Q

ANTHRAX VACCINE
*DOSAGE: ____ML
*ROUTE: _____

A

*DOSAGE: 0.5 ML
*ROUTE: IM

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31
Q

ANTHRAX VACCINE. HOW MANY DOSES?

A

3

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32
Q

ANTHRAX VACCINE
*THREE DOSES: ___, ____ MONTH, ____
MONTHS- NOT CONSIDERED PROTECTED
(BOOSTER DOSES NEEDED)
*BOOSTER DOSES: ____ML AT ___ MONTHS
AFTER LAST DOSE THEN ____MONTHS LATER
AND ____YEAR LATER

A

*THREE DOSES: 0, 1 MONTH, 6
MONTHS- NOT CONSIDERED PROTECTED
(BOOSTER DOSES NEEDED)
*BOOSTER DOSES: 0.5 ML AT 6 MONTHS
AFTER LAST DOSE THEN 12 MONTHS LATER
AND 1 YEAR LATER

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33
Q

ANTHRAX VACCINE IS GIVEN TO?

A

*APPROVED BY FDA FOR ADULTS 18- 65 Y/O
*GIVEN TO LAB WORKERS WHO WORK WITH
BACILLUS ANTHRACIS

*GIVEN TO PEOPLE HANDLING INFECTED
ANIMALS OR THEIR CARCASSES

*GIVEN MILITARY PERSONNEL

*NOT GIVEN TO TRAVELERS AS PROPHYLAXIS

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34
Q

❑Chronic disease of the skin and peripheral nerves

A

Leprosy

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35
Q

OTHER NAME of leprosy

A

hansen’s disease

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36
Q

causative agent of leprosy

A

mycobacterium leprae
mycobacterium lepromatosis

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37
Q

MODE OF TRANSMISSION of leprosy

A

droplet
prolonged skin to skin contact

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38
Q

Early Signs and Symptoms of leprosy

A

change in skin color- reddish whitish
loss of sensation due to peripheral nerve damage
loss of sweating
ulcer that do not heal
Muscle weakness
painful and reddened eyes

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39
Q

Late Signs and Symptoms of leprosy

A

madarosis- loss of eyebrows
sinking of the nose bridge
clawing of fingers and toes
contractures
Lagophthalmos- inability to close eyelids
enlargement of the breast/ gynecomastia

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40
Q

Classification of LEPROSY

A

Paucibacillary
Multibacillary

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41
Q

difference of paucibacillary and multibacillary in terms of
1. other name:
2. Incubation period: _____
years
3. _________
4. ______Lesions
5. ______bacilli
6. _________months
treatment

A
  1. other name:
    P- tuberculoid/ indeterminate
    M- lepromatous/ borderline
  2. Incubation period:
    P- 1-4 years
    M- 4-8 years
  3. P- Non-infectious
    M- Highly Infectious
  4. ______Lesions
    P- Few Lesions
    M- Several lesions
  5. ______bacilli
    P- Few bacilli
    M- Several Bacilli
  6. _________months
    treatment
    P- 6-9 months
    M- 24- 30 months
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42
Q

DIAGNOSTIC TEST for leprosy

A

slit skin smear

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42
Q

slit skin smear procedure

A
  1. scrape a tissue from the lesion
  2. place on a glass slide
  3. mix with reagents/ staining solutions
  4. view under microscope
  5. gram positive, thick peptidoglycan, purple under microscope
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43
Q

DOC for Paucibacillary (adult)

A

Day 1
➢Rifampicin 600mg (once a month)
➢Dapsone100mg (daily)

Day 2-28
➢ Dapsone 100mg (DAILY)
➢6 blister packs to be taken monthly
within a maximum period of 9 months

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43
Q

medical management for leprosy

A

❑Domiciliary treatment:
❑RA 4073

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44
Q

Paucibacillary—-Child DOC

A

Day 1
* Rifampicin 450mg and
* Dapsone 50mg

Day 2-28
Dapsone 50mg

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45
Q

MULTIBACILLARY CHILD

A

Day 1
*Rifampicin 450mg
*Dapsone 50MG
*Clofazamine 150mg

Day 2-28
*Dapsone 50mg and Clofazamine 50mg
EVERY OTHER DAY

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46
Q

Multibacillary (MB Regimen) for adult

A

Day 1
❑ Rifampicin 600mg (once a month)
❑ Dapsone 100mg daily
❑ Clofazimine 300mg (once a month)

Day 2-28
❑ Dapsone 100mg and clofazimine 50mg

❑ 12 blister packs to be taken monthly within a
maximum period of 18 months

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47
Q

PREVENTION for leprosy

A

❑PREVENTIVE TX: SINGLE
DOSE OF RIFAMPICIN GIVEN TO 2 Y/0
AND ABOVE

❑BCG VACCINATION

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48
Q

The definitive diagnosis for leprosy
is?

A

Skin slit smear

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49
Q
  • infects the lungs of humans
A

PARAGONIMIASIS

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50
Q

PARAGONIMIASIS is aka as

A

JAPANESE LUNG FLUKE

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51
Q

CAUSATIVE AGENTS OF paragonimiasis

A
  1. Paragonimus westermani- Philippinensis
  2. Paragonimus Siamesi
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52
Q

intermediate hosts of paragonimiasis

A

freshwater snail
1. Antemelania Asperata
2. Antemelania Dactylus

Crabs:
1. Varuma Litterata
2. Sundathelphusa Philippina

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53
Q

Mode of Transmission of paragonimiasis

A

*Ingestion of raw or
insufficiently cooked
- freshwater snail
- crayfish
- crabs

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54
Q

The incubation period of
PARAGONIMIASIS is?

A

65 to 90 days

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55
Q

SIGNS AND SYMPTOMS of paragonimiasis in acute phase

A
  1. Diarrhea
  2. Abdominal Pain
  3. Fever
  4. Weight loss
  5. Urticaria- generalized rash
  6. splenomegaly/ hepatomegaly
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56
Q

SIGNS AND SYMPTOMS of paragonimiasis in chronic phase

A
  1. cough/ hemoptysis
  2. chest and back pain
  3. pulmonary tuberculosis s/sx
    a. coughing
    b. hemoptysis
    c. anorexia
    d. weight loss
    e. N/V
    f. Low grade fever in the afternoon
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57
Q

DOC for paragonimiasis

A

praziquantel
bithionol/ bitin

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58
Q

bithionol/ bitin DO for paragonimiasis

A

30 to 50 mg/kg PO on alternate days after 10-15 doses

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59
Q

praziquantel DO for paragonimiasis

A

25 mg/ kg PO TID for 2 days

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60
Q

complications of paragonimiasis

A
  1. Pneumonia
  2. Bronchiectasis- widening or enlargement of the lung
  3. Pleural effusion- fluid in pleural cavity
  4. Empyema- pus in pleural cavity
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61
Q

PREVENTION AND CONTROL for paragonimiasis

A

*Never eat raw freshwater
crabs or crayfish.
*Cook crabs and crayfish for
to at least 63 DEG
C/ 145 DEGF

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62
Q

❑caused by some species of blood flukes/trematode
worms/parasitic flatworms (Schistosoma).

A

Schistosomiasis

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63
Q

Schistosomiasis is also known as

A
  1. BIlhariasis
  2. Snail Fever
  3. Katayama Fever
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64
Q

schistosomiasis is Transmitted by a tiny snail called?

A

oncomelania quadrasi

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65
Q

schistosomiasis is caused by blood flukes of 3 types :

A
  1. schistosoma mansoni- infect GI causing hematochezia
  2. schistosoma japonicum- endemic in Phil
  3. schistosoma haematobium- infects genitourinary system- hematuria
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66
Q

INCUBATION PERIOD of schistosomiasis

A

2-6 wks
14-84 days

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67
Q

Mode of transmission of schistosomiasis

A

bathing,
swimming, or washing in
contaminated water

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68
Q

The incubation period of
SCHISTOSOMIASIS is?

A

2 to 6 weeks.

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69
Q

SIGNS AND SYMPTOMS of SCHISTOSOMIASIS- early signs

A

initially pruritic rash
fever and chills
diarrhea
cough
malaise
abdominal pain

70
Q

SIGNS AND SYMPTOMS of SCHISTOSOMIASIS- late signs

A

anemia
abdominal enlargement
hepatomegaly
splenomegaly
lymphadenopathy
hematochezia
hematuria

71
Q

DRUGS OF CHOICE for schistosomiasis

A

praziquantel/ Hetrazan
oxamniquine- s. mansoni
metrifonate- s. haematobium

72
Q

praziquantel for schistosomiasis DO

A

20mg/ kg TID

73
Q

FILARIASIS is commonly known as

A

elephantiasis

74
Q

✓CAUSATIVE AGENTS: nematode parasites
filariasis

A

wuchereria Banerofti
Brugia Timori
Brugia Malayi

75
Q

incubation period of filariasis

A

8-16 month

76
Q

✓Mode of Transmission for filariasis:

A

VECTOR via bite of mosquitoes

77
Q

mosquitoes under filariasis

A
  1. aedes poecillus/ poecilus/ poecilius
  2. ANOPHELES MINIMUS FLAVIROSTRIS
  3. Culex quinquefasciatus
78
Q

CHARACTERISTICS of the vectors of filariasis

A

dry and dirty areas
abaca plantation
rural areas
night biting mosquitoes

79
Q

in the peripheral blood: minute larva

A

asymptomatic stage
microfilariae

80
Q

acute stage of filariasis

A
  1. lymphadenitis
  2. lymphangitis
  3. Orchitis
81
Q

chronic stage of filariasis

A
  1. lymphedema- accumulation of fluid in lymphatic system
    2.elephantiasis- enlargement and hardening of the upper and lower extremities
  2. hydrocele- inflammation nd swelling of scrotum
82
Q

DIAGNOSTIC TESTS for filariasis

A

nocturnal blood examination (NBE) taken after 8 pm

83
Q

DRUGS OF CHOICE for filariasis

A

diethylcarbamazine citrate
albendazole
ivermectin

84
Q

diethylcarbamazine citrate DO

A

6mg/ kg TID for 4-7 days

85
Q

albendazole DO

A

400 mg

86
Q

ivermectin DO

A

200 mcg/ kg

87
Q

inflammation of the meninges in the brain

A

Meningitis

88
Q

causative agent of meningitis

A

Haemophilus influenza type B
Neisseria Meningitides
Streptococcus Pneumonia

89
Q

Meningitis mode of transmission

A

Droplet
Contact with soiled secretions

90
Q

Incubation period of meningitis

A

2-10 days

91
Q

Diagnostic test for meningitis

A

Lumbar Tap, Lumbar Puncture, Spinal Tap, Spinal Puncture

92
Q

Normal color of CSF

A

clear and colorless

93
Q

CSF appearance in (+) meningitis

A

cloudy- infection
Increased protein
Decrease glucose

93
Q

recommended position during lumbar tap

A

Orthopneic Position
Fetal Position/ left lateral recumbent position
lateral decubitus position

94
Q

procedure for lumbar tap

A
  1. Insert a small needle into L3 and L4, L4 and L5, or L5 and S1
  2. Get 3 samples containing CSF about 1-2mL to be placed in sterile test tubes
95
Q

Intervention after lumbar tap procedure

A

flat on bed for 6-8 hours

96
Q
  • a test to confirm if there is increase ICP
  • to evaluate subarachnoid obstruction
  • done by physician
A

Queckenstedt’s Test

97
Q

signs and symptoms of meningitis

A
  1. Nuchal Rigidity
  2. Kernig’s Sign
  3. Brudzinski’s Sign
98
Q

inability to flex neck forward

A

Nuchal Rigidity

99
Q

pain upon extension or straightening knees/ legs

A

Kernig’s Sign

100
Q

flexion of the neck causes flexion of the knee

A

Brudzinski’s Sign

101
Q

CSF normal range
Normal Color:
Normal amount:
Glucose level:
Protein:
Normal ICP In newborn
Normal ICP In children
Normal ICP in adults

A

Normal Color: colorless, clear
NOrmal Amount: 100- 150mL
Glucose level: 50-80mg/ dL
Protein: 20- 50mg/ dL
Normal ICP In newborn: 2-5 mmHg
Normal ICP In children: 8- 10mmHg
Normal ICP in adults: 8- 15mmHg

102
Q

Initial sign of increase ICP

A

Restlessness

103
Q

other signs of increased ICP

A
  1. Cushing’s triad: hypertension, bradycardia, bradypnes
  2. Anisocoria - unequal pupils due to compression of 3rd cranial nerve
  3. Diplopia (double vision)
  4. Doll’s eye
  5. High Fever and Chills due to involvement of hypothalamus
104
Q

Other signs of increased ICP

A
  1. N/V
  2. Photosensitivity
  3. Wide pulse pressure
  4. Restlessness
  5. Convulsion/ Seizure
105
Q

pharmacologic management of meningitis

A
  1. osmotic diuretic (mannitol)
  2. corticosteroid (dexamethasone)
  3. anticonvulsant
106
Q

anticonvulsant drugs for meningitis

A
  1. tegretol
  2. phenobarbital
  3. phenytoin/ dilantin
  4. pain relievers- codeine for headache
107
Q

most common anticonvulsant drug for meningitis

A

phenytoin/ dilantin

108
Q

therapeutic level of phenytoin/ dilantin

A

10- 20mcg/ dL

108
Q

nursing considerations for phenytoin/ dilantin

A

per orem- given with food to prevent GI upset

109
Q

phenytoin/ dilantin administration procedure

A
  1. prepare 10cc of normal saline solution
  2. note that phenytoin readily crystalizes to vein
  3. adm. 5cc of nss
  4. phenytoin
  5. adm. the remaining 5cc of NSS
110
Q

dos and donts when on dilantin therapy

A
  1. avoid driving
  2. monitor glucose levels
  3. dilute with NSS and not dextrose solution
  4. Avoid IM injection
  5. Avoid alcohol
  6. Monitor CBC because it can cause bone marrow suppression
  7. contraindicated in pregnancy
  8. gradual withdrawal of phenytoin to prevent Status epilepticus
111
Q

common side effects of dilantin therapy

A
  1. red urine
  2. ataxia
  3. nystagmus
  4. bone marrow depression- leukopenia, anemia, thrombocytopenia
  5. gingival hyperplasia
112
Q

gingival hyperplasia nursing management

A
  1. soft bristle toothbrush
  2. regular dental check- up
  3. good oral care/ hygiene
  4. massage gums
113
Q

management for ICP

A
  1. Semi-fowler’s position
  2. head of bed elevation- 30 to 40 degrees, max 45 degrees celsius
  3. fluid restriction- 1L to 1.5 L
114
Q

factors that increase ICP

A
  1. N/V
  2. valsalva maneuver
  3. Oversuctioning
  4. Enema
  5. Rectal Exam
  6. Bending or Stooping
115
Q

rabies latin and greek

A

latin: “madeness”
greek: “lyssa” - violent

116
Q

other term of rabies

A

lyssa
hydrophobia

117
Q

causative agent of rabies

A

rhabdovirus

118
Q

mode of transmission of rabies

A
  1. bite or scratch of any rabid/ warm- blooded animal
  2. touching the saliva, then touching your eyes or mouth
  3. airborne, due to inhalation of the aerosols of virus
119
Q

complications of rabies

A
  1. meningitis
  2. encephalitis
  3. death can occur in 2 to 10 days (muscle spasm)
120
Q

what to do once bitten with warm blooded animal

A
  1. observe dog in 10days
  2. if dog dies, bring head to PHO
  3. they will study the negri bodies present in the head of the dog
121
Q

rabies vaccine

A
  1. PVRV- purified vero cell rabies vaccine
  2. PCECV- Purified chick embryo cell vaccine
122
Q

PVRV

A

purified vero cell rabies vaccine
- 0.5 mL, IM or 0.1 mL ID

123
Q

management for rabies

A
  1. wound care: soap and water, povidone iodine, or alcohol
  2. vaccination
  3. observe pet for 10 days
  4. Have pet immunized at _____months of age and
    every year after
123
Q

Rabies
# of doses:
interval:

A

Rabies
# of doses:
- 4 doses for the first time
- 2 booster doses the second time

interval:
- 2 weeks: days 0, 3, 7, 14

*2 booster doses from those who had received vaccine before after an exposure
- interval: days 0 and 3

123
Q

dengue fever is aka

A

breakbone fever

123
Q

s/ sx of rabies

A
  1. appherension
  2. hydrophobia
  3. fever
  4. headache
  6. paralysis
  7. disorientation/ confusion
124
Q

PCECV

A

Purified chick embryo cell vaccine
- 1mL IM/ 0.1mL ID

124
Q

dengue fever
family:
genus:

A

dengue fever
family: flaviridae
genus: flavivirus
it was termed orthoflavivirus in 2023

124
Q

mode of transmission of dengue fever

A
  1. bite of aedes aegypti
  2. female mosquito as the vector
125
Q

characteristics of female aedes aegypti

A

day biting
low-flying
stagnant water
urban areas

125
Q

causative agents of dengue fever

A
  1. Dengue virus 1, 2, 3, 4
  2. Chikungunya virus
  3. Onyongyong virus
125
Q

incubation period of dengue fever

A

6-7 days

126
Q

diagnostic test for dengue fever

A

Tourniquet Test
Rumpel–Leede capillary fragility Test
Capillary Fragility Test

wait check mo it’s

127
Q

stages of dengue fever

A

A. Febrile or Invasive Stage
B. Toxic or Hemorrhagic Stage
C. Convalescence/ Recovery Stage

128
Q

Febrile or Invasive Stage

A
  1. 1-3 days
  2. fever (40 degrees celsius or 140 Fahrenheit)
  3. chills
  4. arthralgia
  5. N/ V
  6. Loss of appetite
  7. headache
  8. abdominal pain
  9. rash - appears on the 3rd day
  10. malaise
129
Q

Toxic or Hemorrhagic Stage

A

4-7 days
1. signs of bleeding
2. epistaxis
3. gum bleeding
4. melena
5. narrowed pulse pressure
6. hypotension, weak and thready pulse

so avoid dark colored foods and beverages because they mask the signs and symptoms

130
Q

Convalescence/ Recovery Stage

A
  1. 8th to 10th day
  2. patient regains appetitie
  3. BP normalizes
  4. generalized flushing
131
Q

grade levels of DHF
grade 1

A

(+) tourniquet test
fever
headache
abdominal pain
no bleeding

132
Q

grade 2 DHF s/sx

A

signs of spontaneous bleeding
1. epistaxis
2. gum bleeding
3. melena

132
Q

grade 3 DHF

A
  1. circulatory collapse
  2. hypotension, narrowed pulse pressure, tachypnea, tachycardia
  3. weak and thready pulse
133
Q

nursing management for dengue fever

A
  1. Ice packs placed on forehead
  2. TSB for fever
  3. Increase fluid intake - 3 to4L to increase circulating volume
  4. MOnitor vital signs
  5. diet: avoid dark colored foods
    - increase carbohydrate
    - increase protein
    - increase vit C
  6. clean surroundings
  7. bed rest
  8. avoid constipation to prevent rectal bleeding
133
Q

grade 4 DHF

A

signs of profound/ severe shock
palpable pulse
pt difficult to awake

134
Q

odenga, 2022
dosage:
doses:
interval:
route:

A

dosage: 0.5 mL
doses: 2
interval: 3 months
route: SQ

134
Q

medical management for dengue fever

A

homemade oresol solution- a pinch of salt, 4-6 teaspoons of sugar mixed to 1L of water

Acetaminophen for fever
No aspirin- anticoagulant- causes bleeding
codeine- for severe headache and for myalgia

135
Q

of doses: interval of?

vaccine for dengue fever
dengvaxia, 2016
dosage:
route:
storage:

A

of doses: 3 doses- 0, 6 months, 12 months

dosage: 0.5 mL
route: SQ
storage: +2 to +8
interval of: 6 months apart

135
Q

vaccines for dengue fever

A

dengvaxia, 2016
odenga, 2022

135
Q

contraindications for dengvaxia and odenga vaccines

A
  1. AIDS/ HIV
  2. Immunosuppressed
  3. Chemotherapy
  4. Corticosteroid Therapy
  5. Pregnancy
  6. Breastfeeding
136
Q

other name for chicken pox

A

varicella

137
Q

CAUSATIVE AGENT of chicken pox:

A

human alpha herpes virus 3

138
Q

Incubation Period of chicken pox

A

13- 17 days

139
Q

pattern of chicken pox

A

macule- papule (elevated rash)- vesicle (fluid- filled) - scab

140
Q

where does the rashes starts in chicken pox

A

starts in the covered areas of the body
- chest
- centripetal distribution

140
Q

when is the patient highly communicable in chicken pox

A

until the scabs have crusted over

141
Q

diagnostic test for chicken pox

A

vesicular fluid test
tzanck smear

142
Q

mode of transmission of chicken pox

A

droplet
contact
airborne is possible

143
Q

clinical manifestations of chicken pox

A
  1. irritating rash
  2. fever
  3. anorexia/ loss of appetite
  4. headache
  5. malaise
  6. coryza
144
Q

Malaria
CA: Parasites

A

Plasmodium Falciparum
Plasmodium Malariae
Plasmodium Vivax
Plasmodium Ovale
Plasmodium Knowlesi

145
Q

Characteristic of Mosquito under Malaria

A

Night biting
HIgh Flying
River flowing
Rural Areas

146
Q

IP of Malaria

A

10- 12 days

147
Q

MOT of Malaria

A

ector-borne or the bite of a Female Anopheles Mosquito

148
Q

Cold Stage of Malaria

A

quivering/ shivering
Chills
Chatter teeth

148
Q

Malaria Hot stage

A

Very high fever: > 40^0C or > 140 ^0F
Reddened eye and skin
Skin is warm to touch

149
Q
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Q
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Q
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157
Q
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INCO (6 decks)

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