Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Step 2 > Pediatrics > Flashcards

Pediatrics Flashcards

1
Q

Management of HR <100bpm at 1 minute of life

A

PPV

NOTE: if hr<60, cardiac problem –> initiate CPR

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

APGAR scores

A

7-10 good
<7 bad

Appearance
Pulse
Grimace
Activity
Respirations
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Transient tachypneic of the new born

A

most often seen in term babies delivered by c-section

CXR: lungs hyperextended and wet

Tx with ppv

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

spO2 goals at 0 minutes, 1 and 5 minutes

A

0: 60-65% (stimulate to overcome primary apnea)
1: 80-85%
5: 90-95%

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Pneumatosis intestinalis =

A

necrotizing enterocolitis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

NEC: TX

A

NPO, IV antibx

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

VACTERL

A 
Vetebrak anomolies
Anus (imperforate) dx on cross table xray
Cardiac
TE fistula
Esophageal atresia
Renal
Limb hypoplasia

US sacrum, Echo, catheter xray, voiding cystourethrogram

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Meconium ileus: TX

A

Diagnostic and therapeutic water enema

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Malrotation vs duodenal atresia: imaging findings

A

Malrotation: xray showing double bubble and air distally (there has been time to swallow air)

Duodenal atresia: double bubble with no air

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Double bubble d/os

A

duodenal atresia
annular pancreas
malrotation–>volvulous

NOTE: all cause bilious emesis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Double bubble d/os that are associated with downs

A

duodenal atresia

annular pancreas

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Pyloric stenosis: Dx and Tx

A

Dx with US showing donut sign

get CMP (to find hypochloremic, hypokalemic metabolic alkylosis) and create electrolyte abnormalities before performing pyelorectomy

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Physiologic vs pathologic jaundice

A

physiologic: onset after 72hrs, resolves w/in 2 weeks, unconj bili, rises <5/day
pathologic: onset w/in first day, resolves w/in 2 weeks, conj bili, rises >5/day

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Work-up of physiologic jaundice

A

get coombs test:
if positive, mom was isoimmunized

if negative, get Hgb:
if Hgb low, cephalotoma
if high, twin-twin trasnfusion a possibility in multiple gestation
if normal, get reticulocyte count

If retic normal, breast milk or breast milk jaundice

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Breast feeding vs breast milk jaundice

A

Breast feeding: product of not enough PO and bowl hypomotility

Breast milk: breast milk has enzyme that inhibits conjugation, give hydrolyzed formula

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Baby with scaphoid abdomen and bowel in chest on xray

A

diaphragmatic hernia

NOTE: associated with hypoplastic lung

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Hypospadia:associations

A

cryptochidism and inguinal hernias

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Epispadia: associations

A

opening on dorsal surface

urinary incontinence and bladder exstrophy

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Boot-shaped heart and decreased pulmonary vascular markings on CXR of child

A

tetrology of fallot

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

CXR of infant showing an egg on a string =

A

transposition

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

CXR of child showing globular-shaped heart with pulmonary edema =

A

hypoplastic left heart syndrome

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

CHARGE syndrome

A 
Coloboma of the eye, CNS abnormalities
Heart defects
Atresia of the choanae
Retardation of growth and/or development
Genital or urinary defects (hypogonadism)
Ear anomolies or deafness
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Congenital defects associated with Downs syndrome

A

hirschsprung disease
imperforate anus
duodenal atresia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

Prolonged QT: PPX

A

beta blockers with pacemaker placement

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

Postural neck deformity that presents with a sternocleidomastoid muscle mass, ipsilateral head tilt, and contralateral chin deviation =

A

congenital muscular torticollis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

Congenital muscular torticollis: risk factors and tx

A

risk factors: multiple gesteation, breech position, oligohydraminos

Tx: increased tummy time, passive stretching, and PT. AVOID positional plagiocephally

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

Best initial diagnostic testing for laryngomalacia

A

direct laryngoscopy showing collapse of the supraglottic structures

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

TX severe hypovolemic hypernatremia in peds

A

0.9% saline

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

triple bubble sign and gasless colon =

A

jejunal atresia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

Bilious vomiting and abdominal distension in newborn of mom who used cocaine

A

jejunal atresia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
31
Q

Specific test for lead toxicity

A

venous blood draw (can confirm positive capillary blood specimen)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
32
Q

Measles: transmission

A

airborne

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
33
Q

Measles: clinical presentation

A

prodrome: cough, coryza, conjunctivitis, fever, koplik spots

Maculopapular exanthem: cephalocaudal and centrifugal spread, spares palsms and soles

NOTE: watch out for subacute sclerosing panencephalitis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
34
Q

Mullerian agenesis: clinical features

A

Karyotype: 46, XX
breast development, axillary and pubic hair, ovariess

No uterus or upper vagina

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
35
Q

Doll-like face, thin extremities, short stature, hypoglycemia, lactic acidosis, and hyperlipidemia

A

glucose-6-phosphatase deficiency (type 1 glycogen storage disease, von Gierke)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
36
Q

Riboflavin deficiency

A 
angular cheilitis
stomatitis
glossitis
normocytic-normochromic anemia
seborrheic dermatitis (erythematous scaly patchs on eyebrows, cheeks, and nose)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
37
Q

Nephrotic syndrome associated with what virus?

A

hep B

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
38
Q

Roseola: clinical presentation

A

prodrome: high-spiking fever (over 104), which breaks when rash arises

Rash moves from trunk out

NOTE: watch out for febrile seizures

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
39
Q

Rubella: clinical presentatio

A

Prodrome of generalized tender LDN (UNLIKE measles)

fever and rash (like measles)

rash moves cephalocaudal and centrifugal, does not involve palms and soles

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
40
Q

Mumps: clinical presentation

A

pubertal male with parotid swelling and orchitis

Can lead to infertility

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
41
Q

Hand, foot, mouth: clinical presentation

A

varicella zoster-like vesicles on hands, feet, and mouth

42
Q

Meningitis: Tx peds vs adult

A

peds (kids less than 30 days): vancomycin, cefotoxine (bili doesnt get as high with this), ampicillin (covers listeria), steroids

adult: vanc, ceftriaxone, steroid

43
Q

Polyps, pale/boggy mucosa, and cobblestonning

A

allergic rhinitus

44
Q

Allergic rhinitus: TX

A

internasal steroids

45
Q

Kid being fed with soy formula with FTT and a bloody bowel movement

A

Milk protein allergy

46
Q

Conjunctivitis: TX

A

H2 blockers and leukotriene antagonists

47
Q

Otitis media: pathogens

A

strep, H flu, moraxella

48
Q

Otitis media: TX

A

1st time: amoxicillin
2nd time: amox-clav
if 3x/6months or 4x in a year: consider myringotomy

49
Q

Otitis media vs externa

A

media: infection of middle ear (with URI bugs like strep)
externa: infection of outer ear and canal (with pseudomonas or staph)

50
Q

Otitis externa: TX

A

Cipro and steroid drops

51
Q

Air fluid levels on head xray and opacification on CT

A

bacterial sinusitis

52
Q

TX indications for amox-clav in sinusitis

A 
worsening
OR 
10days
OR 
fever
53
Q

Imaging for recurrent sinusitic

A

CT

54
Q

CENTOR criteria for GAS

A 
No Cough
Exudates
Nodes (anterior LDN)
Temp (fever)
OR age <14 (+1), older 44 (-1)

<1 viral, symptomatic tx
2-3, rapid strep
>4, tx with amox-clav

55
Q

3yo with URI that progresses to barking cough and inspiratory stridor

A

Croup

Tx moderate cases with racemic epinephrine, steroids, and O2

56
Q

Bacterial trachietis

A

Caused by staph aureus

Croup that does not improve with racemic epi and kid looks toxic

Do tracheal culture and initiate IV antibx

57
Q

Epiglottis

A

rapid onset
fever
drooling (as swallowing hurts)
hot potato/muffled voice

Xray shows thumbprint sign

58
Q

Imaging in retropharyngeal abscess

A

CT (peritonsillar abscess, which happens in older children, does not need)

59
Q

Inrathoracic foreign body aspiration

A

expiratory wheeze

60
Q

extrathoracic foreign body aspiration

A

Inspiratory stridor

61
Q

Brionchiolitis: TX

A

O2 and IVF

Watch for any progression toward respiratory failure and ARDS

62
Q

Chronic granulomatous disease: clinical features and dx

A

features: majority of cases are x-linked recessive, recurrent pulm and cutaneous infections, catalase positive organisms

CBC shows leukocytosis

Dx with neutrophil function testing (dihydrorhodamine 123 test or nitroblue tetrazolium test)

63
Q

Trigeminal neuralgia: TX

A

carbamezepine

64
Q

Simple febrile seizure criteria

A

(1) Only 1 in 24hours
(2) duration less than 15minutes
(3) generalized

If any of these absent, classify as complex

65
Q

Simple vs complex seizure: TX

A

Simple: benzos to abort, otherwise acetominophen to keep fever down and no imaging

Complex: benzos to abort, consider EEG, LP, CT, initiate anti-epileptic meds

66
Q

Infantile spasm: features and TX

A

less than 1 yo

symmetrical limb jerking, not generalized anad no fever

NOT A SEIZURE

EEG showing interictal hyparsthria

TX: ACTH

67
Q

Tuberous Sclerosis: features and DX

A

Angiofibroma
Ash-leaf spot
Seizures (afebrile)

DX: Neuroimaging

68
Q

Absence seizures: prognosis

A

good, will often resolve over time

69
Q

pneumatosis intestinalis =

A

NEC

70
Q

Age range for intussusception to occur

A

3months-3years

71
Q

IDA in infant male

A

meckles diverticlum

72
Q

Full term newborn with bloody stool with no red flags

A

could have swallowed mom;s blood

get Apt test

73
Q

Left-to-right shunts

A

acyanotic, but can eventually lead to eisenmengers

ASD (fixed split S2)
VSD (FTT, CHF, asym)
PDA (continuous multiphasic/machine like murmur that was not present at birth)

74
Q

Right-to-left shunts

A

cyanotic at day 0

Transposition of the great vessels (diabetic moms, use prostaglandins)

Tetralogy of Fallot (downs syndrome, boot shaped heart)

75
Q

Congenital vs acquired strabsimus: TX

A

Congenital: surgery before 6mo
acquired: patch good eye

76
Q

Imaging for intraventricular hemorrhage of newborn

A

US doppler

77
Q

Newborn with oliguria and distended bladder

A

posterior urethral valve

78
Q

Immunedeficiencies involving only B cells (4)

A

XLA (Brutons)
CVID
IgA def
Hyper IgM

79
Q

Immunedeficiencies involving both B and T cells (3)

A

Wiscott-aldrich (affects boys, ezcema and low platlets and infections–> increased IgM and G)
Ataxia-telanctasia
SCID

80
Q

Immunedeficiencies involving phagocytosis (3)

A

chronic granulomatous disease
LAD
CH

81
Q

Immunedeficiencies involving complement (2)

A

C1-esterase def

C5-C9 attack complex def

82
Q

XLA

A

Brutons

Affects young boys (6mo to 3yo)
recurrent sinopulmonary and ear infections as well as giardia

no Igs on quantitative panel
no B cells on flow cytometry

TX: schedule IgG, consider BM transplant

83
Q

Common variable immunodeficiency

A

mild XLA in older boy

QIg show decrease in 2/3 Ig
TX: schedule Ig

84
Q

IgA deficiency

A

Sinopulmonary infections and recurrent gastroenteritis

anaphylaxis after blood transfusion

QIg showing decreased levels of IgA but increased IgG and IgM

85
Q

Hyper IgM

A

B cells cannot convert IgM to IgG

QIg shows decreased IgG and A but markedly elevated IgM

86
Q

Delayed separation og cord with infections without pus

A

leukocyte adhesion deficiency

87
Q

Chediak hedashi

A

AD
Giant granules in PMNS
albinism, neuropathy, and neutropenia

88
Q

TX of angioedema

A

FFP acutely

Longterm management with androgens (danazol and stanazol)

89
Q

Milk/soy protein induced colitis: clinical features

A

presents ages 2-8weeks
regurgitation or vomiting of feeds
+/- painless bloody stools
+/- eczema

90
Q

Milk/soy protein induced colitis: TX

A

elimination of milk and soy from maternal diet of exclusively breast fed infants OR initiation of hyrolyzed formula in formula-fed infants

91
Q

Child with fever, pharyngitis, and gray vesicles on the posterior oropharynx =

A

Herpangina (coxsackie A virus)

92
Q

Henoch-Schonlein purpura

A

IgA-mediated vasculitis producing palpable purpura on lower extremities, abdominal pain, and renal disease

93
Q

Developmental delay, eye problems, and a marfinoid habitus in s/o stroke/TIA =

A

Homocystinuria

94
Q

Acute strep throat: DX

A

Get rapid streptococcal antigen testing (even if high CENTOR score). If positive, tx. if negative, f/u with culture

95
Q

To confirm strep exposure with rheumatic heart disease

A

antistreptolysin O antibody testing

96
Q

Strep throat: TX

A

Oral penicillin or amoxicillin

97
Q

Freidrich ataxia: features

A

Cardiac (cardiomyopathy)
Neurologic (ataxia, dysarthria from spinocerebellar involvement)
Skeletal (scoliosis, feet deformities)

Most common causes of death are from cardiomyopathy and respiratory complications

98
Q

Cancer associated with pernicious anemia

A

gastric cancer

99
Q

Diagnostic testing of PCP in child

A

silver stain of bronchoalveolar fluid

100
Q

12 hour old born to mom with untreated gestational diabetes who has generalized tonic clonic seizure, low tone, lethargy, and prolonged QT most likely has ____ in additon to low glucose

A

hypocalcemia

Step 2 (14 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions