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Step 2 > Infectious disease > Flashcards

Infectious disease Flashcards

1
Q

HIV: TX

A

2+1

2NRT-is + 1NNRT-i

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2
Q

HIV: post exposure prophylaxis

A

emtricitabine + tenofavir

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3
Q

HIV: vertical transmission prevention

A

AZT (25% chance of transmission if no AZT)

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4
Q

Diagnosis of suspected early HIV

A

PCR for viral load

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5
Q

Diagnosis of chronic HIV infection

A

ELISA for HIV antibodies and western blot for confirmation

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6
Q

PCP: CD count and ppx

A

CD count <200

TMP-SMX or dapsone or atovaquine

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7
Q

Toxo: CD count and ppx

A

CD count <100

Tx: TMP-SMX or pyramethamine +leucavorin

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8
Q

MAC: CD count and ppx

A

CD count <50

tx: azithromycin weekly

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9
Q

Only carbapenem that does not target pseudomonas

A

ertapenem

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10
Q

Fluoroquinolones: side effects

A

bone growth abnormalities in children and pregnant women

tendonitis and achilles tendon rupture

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11
Q

Empiric antibx tx for bowel perforation

A 
metronidazole
or
pip-tazo
or
carbapenems
or 
2nd generation cephalosporins
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12
Q

Trichinellosis: clinical time course

A

GI complaints followed by triad of periorbital edema, myositis (elevated CK), and eosinophilia

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13
Q

torsades and HDS: TX

A

magnesium sulfate

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14
Q

torsades and unstable: TX

A

immediate defibrillation

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15
Q

Oxytocin toxicity effects

A

hypotension
hyponatremia
tachysystole (abnormally frequent uterine contractions)

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16
Q

When not to initially do an LP

A 
Fever
AMS
Immunocomrpomised
Lesion
Seizures
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17
Q

Meningitis: etiologies and clinical features

A

typical bacterial (CSF with many PMNs): stiff neck +/- photo/phonophobia in s/o fever and HA

atypical bacterial: crypto, syphillis, lyme, rocky mountain spotted fever, TB

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18
Q

Distinguishing features of cryptococcal meningitis

A

high opening pressure to LP in AIDS patient

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19
Q

Staph cellulitis: TX

A

Toxic cases: vanc, linezolid, or clinda IV

Nontoxic cases: PO TMP-SMX or clinda

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20
Q

Cellulitis in DM pt: TX

A

pip tazo AND vanc

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21
Q

Strep cellulitis: TX

A

Toxic cases: pip-tazo, amp/clav

Nontoxic cases: 1st gen cephalosporin

22
Q

Radiographic tests for osteomyelitis

A

first Xray, if negative MRI

23
Q

Nec fascitis: Empiric tx

A

3rd gen cephalosporin + clindaa +ampicillin

24
Q

Diabetic foot with osteo: most likely organism(s)

A

polymicrobial, with staph a and pseudomonas likely

25
Q

A pt with cirrhosis who ate oysters on vaca and now has osteo =

A

vibrio fuhifrus

26
Q

Osteo post-op: most likely organism

A

pseudomonas

27
Q

Best test for C. Diff

A

stool antigen testing (either with PCR or immune assay)

28
Q

Imaging after seeing a cavitary lesion on CXR

A

CT scan to decide if abscess, TB, or fungus

29
Q

Lung abscess: TX

A

3rd gen cephalosporin + clinda

dont drain

30
Q

Bronchitis: TX

A 
macrolide (azithro) 
or 
doxycycline
or 
respiratory fluoroquinolone (moxi)
31
Q

Indications for steroids in tx of PCP

A

hypoxemic or low PaO2

32
Q

LDH elevated in what kind of pna

A

PCP

33
Q

CURB-65 vs PSI

A

CURB-65: does person need admission or not?

PSI: what level of care does this person need?

34
Q

Urethritis =

A

STD (gon/chlam) until proven otherwise

35
Q

Complicated UTI: criteria

A 
penis 
plastic (foley)
procedure
pyelo
(pregnant)
36
Q

Duration of tx in urinary tract infection

A

uncomplicated: 3days
complicated: 7days
kidney: 10days
perinephric abscess: 14days

37
Q

microscopy threshold for UTI

A

> 10WBC per hpf

38
Q

When to get urine culture

A

if patient is pregnant

39
Q

Asymptomatic screen for bacteruria for

A

pregnant women or someone undergoing a urologic procedure

40
Q

Asymptomatic of bacteruria in pregnant woman: TX

A

amoxicillin (nitrofurantoin if penicillin allergic)

41
Q

WBC casts in

A

AIN and pyelo

42
Q

Pyelonephritis: TX

A

single dose IV cipro and then bactrim PO if ambulatory

IVceftriaxone in inpt

43
Q

Cystitis: TX

A

bactrim
nitrofurantoin
fosfomycin

44
Q

cystitis but has CKD: TX

A

nitrofurantoin

45
Q

Dx of primary vs secondary vs tertiary syphillis

A

primary: darkfield microscopy
secondary: RPR, then FTA-abs
tertiary: LP to do CSF RPR followed by FTA-abs

46
Q

Lymphogranuloma venerum: clinical features

A

Painless and singular ulcer (like syphillis)

Tender lymphadenopathy (vs nontenderr LDN in syphillis) that may become suppurative and drain

occur in immunocompromised

Diagnose with NAAT
Tx with doxy

47
Q

Chancroid: TX

A

azithro or cipro

48
Q

Genital/oral herpes: DX & TX

A

DX: PCR
TX: acyclovir and valacyclovir

49
Q

Mastoiditis: clinical features

A

complication of otitis externa

anteriorly rotated ear
granulation tissue in ear canal
swelling behind ear

50
Q

Bacterial sinusitis: TX

A

PCN or amox-clav

51
Q

Bacterial endocarditis: TX

A

Native valve: vanc

prostethic valve <60d: vanc + gent + cefepime

prosthetic valve >365d: vanc + gent +ceftriaxone

Subacute bacterial endocarditis: gent and ceftriaxone

52
Q

bacterial endocarditis: TX if cant give vanc

A

daptomycin

Step 2 (14 decks)

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