Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Step 2 > Pediatrics > Flashcards

Pediatrics Flashcards

1
Q

What does epiphyseal-metaphyseal “bucket fracture” suggest in infant?

A

shaking of limbs- abuse in infant

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Diagnosis of shaken baby syndrome

A

optho exam: retinal hemorrhages

noncontrast CT: subdural hematoma

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What drugs predispose to congenital heart disease (4)

A

alcohol
lithium
thalidomide
phenytoin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Maternal illness predisposing to CHD

A

DM, PKU

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Infection predisposing to CHD

A

rubella

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Noncyanotic heart defects (3Ds)

A

VSD, ASD, PDA

shunt L to R

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Cyanotic heart defects (5 Ts)

A 
Truncus arteriosus (One arterial vessel)
Transposition of great vessels (2 arteries switched)
Tricuspid atresia (3)
Tetralogy of Fallot (4)
Total anomolous pulmonary venous return (5 words)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What CHD presents with cyanosis within first few hours of life

A

Transposition

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Heart defect associated with Down syndrome

A

ASD, endocardial defects

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Heart defect associated with Congenital rubella

A

PDA

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Heart defect associated with Turner syndrome

A

Coarctation of the aorta

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Heart defect associated with neonatal lupus

A

congenital heart block

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Heart defect associated with Williams syndrome

A

supravalvular aortic stenosis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Heart defect associated with DiGeorge

A

Tetralogy

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Heart defect associated with maternal lithium use

A

Ebstein’s anomoly

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Heart defect associated with neonatal thyrotoxicosis

A

Heart failure

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Heart defects associated with maternal diabetes

A

asymmetric septal hypertrophy

transposition

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Neonate: Harsh holosystolic murmur at lower left sternal border

A

VSD

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Neonate: wide and fixed, split S2; systolic ejection murmur LUSB

A

ASD

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Exam associated with PDA

A

Continuous “machine-like murmur”, loud S2, wide pulse pressure, bounding peripheral pulses

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Holt-Oram syndrome (3)

A

absent radii, ASD, first degree heart block

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Given to close/ open PDA

A

Indomethacin: Closes
PGE1: opens

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Where is the most common location of coartation?

A

Just below the L subclavian artery

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

Associated with “3”s sign on CXR, rib notching

A

Coartcation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

What is required to survive transposition

A

septal defect and PDA

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

CXR shows “egg-shaped silhouette” and increased pulm vascular markings

A

Transposition

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

Anomolies with tetralogy (PROVe)

A

Pulmonary stenosis (most imp indicator)
RVH
Overriding aorta
VSD

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

What age stranger anxiety develops

A

6mo

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

What age pincer grasp develops

A

12mo

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

Gross motor milestones:

  • 2mo
  • 4-5mo
  • 6mo
  • 12mo
  • 2years
  • 3years
A
  • 2mo: Lift head/chest
  • 4-5mo: Rolls front to back
  • 6mo: Sits unassisted
  • 12mo: Walks alone
  • 2years: Walks up/down steps
  • 3years: Rides tricycle
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
31
Q

Language milestones:

  • 12mo
  • 15mo
  • 18mo
  • 2 year
  • 3 year
A
  • 12mo: 1 word, 1-step command
  • 15mo: 5 words
  • 18mo: 8 words
  • 2 year: 2-word phrases, 2-step command
  • 3 year: 3-word phrases
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
32
Q

Associated with boot-shaped heart on CXR

A

Tetralogy

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
33
Q

PE findings for tetralogy of fallot

A

relieved by squatting

systolic ejection murmur LUSB

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
34
Q

Avg age of puberty girls, boys

Abnormal ages

A

Girls: 10.5 years, 8-13
Boys: 11.5 years, 9-14

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
35
Q

GI, malignancy, endocrine diseases assoc with Down syndrome

A

Duodenal atresia
Hirschsprung’s
ALL
hypothyroid

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
36
Q

What does lymphedema of hands and feet indicate?

A

Turners

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
37
Q

Associated with Large jaw, testes, ears

A

Fragile X syndrome

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
38
Q

What does ABG for CF show?

A

hypochloremic alkalosis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
39
Q

Most common cause bowel obstruction first 2 years of life

A

intussusception

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
40
Q

Associated with “currant jelly stool”

A

intussusception

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
41
Q

Associated with “sausage-shaped” RUQ abdominal mass

A

intussusception

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
42
Q

Associated with projectile emesis

A

plyoric stenosis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
43
Q

Drug causing pyloric stenosis

A

Erythromycin

44
Q

Diagnosis and treatment of intussusception

A

air-contrast barium enema

45
Q

Metabolic derangement associated with pyloric stenosis

A

hypochloremic hypokalemic metabolic alkalosis

46
Q

Diagnosis of meckel’s diverticulum

A

Meckel scintography scan (technitium-99m pertechnate)

47
Q

Presents as suddem, intermittent, painless rectal bleeding in child

A

Meckel’s diverticulum

48
Q

Types of tissue in Meckel’s diverticulum (2)

A

Pancreatic, gastric

49
Q

What presents as bilious emesis in first month of life, distension, passage of blood or mucus in stool

A

Malrotation with volvulus

50
Q

AXR shows “bird-beak” appearance in children

A

Malrotation with volvulus

51
Q

AXR shows pneumatosis intestinalis in infant

A

Necrotizing enterocolits

52
Q

When do B-cell deficiencies commonly present?

A

after 6mo

53
Q

Bruton’s congenital agammaglobulinemia vs transient hypogammaglobulinemia

A

Both show increased susceptibility to infection at 6 mo (encapsulated organisms)
B cells decreased in Bruton’s not THI

54
Q

Dangerous reactions in IgA deficiency

A

Anaphylactic transfusion reaction, IVIG can lead to anti-IgA antiboidies

55
Q

Presentation of DiGeorge

A

Tetany (hypocalcemia) in first days of life

56
Q

Infections in DiGeorge

A

viruses, fungi, PCP

57
Q

Mnemonic for DiGeorge (CATCH 22)

A 
Cardiac abnormalities (transposition)
Abnormal facies
Thymic aplasia
Cleft palate
Hypocalcemia
22q11 deletion
58
Q

When do T cell deficiencies typically present

A

1-3 months

59
Q

Bruton’s vs CVID

A

Similar symptoms, CVID presents later (15-35yrs)

60
Q

Presents with bleeding, eczema, recurrent otitis media

A

Wiskott-Aldrich

61
Q

Caused by a defect in adenosine deaminase

A

SCID

62
Q

Ataxia-telangiectasia defect and presentation

A

Defect: DNA repair
Presentation: Cerebellar ataxia, oculocutaneous telangiactasias, malignancies

63
Q

Malignancies associated with Ataxia-telangiectasia (3)

A

NHL
leukemia
gastric carcinoma

64
Q

Lab findings with Wiskott-Aldrich

A

Decr IgM, thrombocytopenia

65
Q

Organisms causing infection in phagocytic deficiences

A

Catalase +
Fungi
Gram neg enteric organisms

66
Q

Prophylaxis for CGD

A

daily TMP-SMX

67
Q

Nitroblue tetrazolium is diagnostic

A

CGD

68
Q

Presents as omphalitis with delayed separation umbilical cord

A

Leukocyte adhesion deficiency

69
Q

Pneumonic for Wiskott-Aldrich (WIPE)

A

Wiskott-Aldrich
Infections
Purpura
Eczema

70
Q

Presents as partial oculocutaneous albinism, peripheral neuropathy, neutropenia

A

Chediak-Higashi

71
Q

Presents as Course facies, abscesses, hyper IgE, retained primary teeth, eczema

A

Job’s

72
Q

Job’s vs WAS

A

Both: eczema, infections
Job’s: eosinophilia, abscesses, course facies
WAS: bleeding, encapsulated organisms infection

73
Q

Deficiency presents with recurrent Neisseria infections

A

Terminal complement deficiency (C5-C9)

74
Q

Presentation of C1 esterase deficiency

A

recurrent episodes of angioedema

75
Q

Kawasaki vs Scarlet fever

A

Both: strawberry tongue, rash, desquamation

Scarlet fever: normal lips, no conjunctivitis

76
Q

(pediatrics) presents with recurrent high fever, hepatosplenomegaly, salmon-colored macular rash

A

Still’s disease (RF-, ANA-)

77
Q

Polyarthritis vs pauciarticular arthritis

A

Polyarthritis: >5 joints, symmetric
Pauciarticular: <4, uveitis common

78
Q

3 common causes of otitis media

A

S. pneumo
non-typable h flu
Moraxella catarrhalis

79
Q

(pediatrics) assoc with “steeple sign” on AP film

A

Croup

80
Q

What antibiotic causes biliary sludging and kernicterus in newborns

A

Ceftriaxone

81
Q

Classic presentation of posttussive emesis and apnea in infant <6mo

A

pertussis

82
Q

Treatment of pertussis

A

erythromycin

83
Q

Presents as high fever and maculopapular rash after fever breaks

A

Roseola infantum (HHV-6,7)

84
Q

rash pattern for measles, rubella, roseola infantum

A

Measles, rubella: macular papular rash from head to toe

Roseola infantum: spreads from trunk to face and extremeties

85
Q

Associated with posterior auricular lymphadenopathy

A

Rubella

86
Q

Parvovirus B19 presentation

A

Slapped cheek, arthropathy, aplastic crisis

87
Q

Of Crigler-Najjar, Dubin-Johnson, Gilbert, Rotor which is unconj, conj?

A

Unconj: Crigler Najjar, Gilbert
Conj: Dubin-Johnson, Rotor

88
Q

Which type of hyperbilirubinemia is always pathologic in newborn?

A

Conjugated

89
Q

CXR in newborn shows ground glass appearance

A

RDS

90
Q

What malformation and malignancy associated with Beckwith-Wiedemenn?

A

Omphalocele

Wilms’ tumor

91
Q

Presents with bilious emesis within hours of first feeding

A

Duodenal atresia

92
Q

ACXR: Double bubble sign

A

duodenal atresia

93
Q

Most common acute leukemia in children

A

ALL

94
Q

Presents with bone pain, fever, anemia, ecchymoses in children

A

Leukemia

95
Q

Labs for tumor lysis syndrome

A

Hyperkalemia, hyperphosphatemia, hyeruricemia

96
Q

Presents with nontender abdominal mass (may cross midline), horner’s

A

Neuroblastoma

97
Q

Histology shows round, blue tumor cells with characteristic rosette pattern

A

Neuroblastoma

98
Q

WAGR syndrome

A

Wilms tumor
Aniridia
Gentourinary abnormalities
Mental Retardation

99
Q

Presents with “onion skin” periosteal reaction

A

Ewing sarcoma

100
Q

Location, associated symptoms for Ewings sarcoma vs osteosarcoma

A

Midshaft vs metaphyses

Ewing associated with systemic sx

101
Q

Presents with “sunburst” lytic bone lesions

A

osteosarcoma

102
Q

What are 3 possible dx with leukocoria in infants

A

Retinoblastoma
Congenital cataracts
Retinopaty of prematurity

103
Q

Presents as irritability, intermittent abd pain, peripheral neuropathy

A

Lead poisoning

104
Q

CBC shows microcytic, hypchromic anemia and basophilic stippling

A

Lead poisoning

105
Q

Chelation therapies for lead poisoning

A

EDTA, succimer (DMSA), BAL (IM dmercaprol)

Step 2 (15 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions