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Step 2 > Gastroenterology > Flashcards

Gastroenterology Flashcards

1
Q

Oropharyngeal vs Esophageal dysphagia: sx and dx procedures

A

Oropharyngeal: liquids > solids (aspiration)
Dx: video flouroscopy
Esophageal: solids> liquids (obstruction/motility)
Dx: barium swallow

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2
Q

Corkscrew-shaped esophagus: dx and tx

A

Diffuse esophageal spasm

Tx: nitrate, Ca ch blocker, surgery

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3
Q

Bird beak esophagus: dx and tx

A

Achalasia (degeneration inhib neurons auerbach plexus)

Tx: nitrate, ccp, endoscopinc inj, Heller myotomy

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4
Q

Etiology curling vs cushing ulcer

A

Curling: burn injuries
Cushing: TBI

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5
Q

Type A vs Type B gastritis:

Etiology, location

A

Type A: Autoantibodies to parietal cells, causes pernicious anemia, fundus
Type B: H. pylori or NSAID, antrum

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6
Q

Triple therapy for H. pylori

A

Amoxicillin, clarithromycin, omeprazole

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7
Q

Organisms that cause bloody diarrhea (4)

A

Salmonella, Shigella, E colie (EHEC), Campylobacter

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8
Q

Chronic diarrhea in AIDS pt (2)

A

Cryptosporidium, isospora

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9
Q

Campylobacter: Labs and Tx

A

Fecal RBCs and WBCs

Tx: erythromycin

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10
Q

Entamoeba histolytica: presentation, labs/imaging, tx

A

Presentaton: severe abd pain, fever, hx of travel
Labs/imagining: fecal rbcs, wbcs; “flask-shaped” ulcers
Tx: metronidazole

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11
Q

Causes of watery diarrhea (5)

A

V cholerae,rotavirus, e coli (ETEC), cryptosporidium, giardia

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12
Q

Grouped, papulovesicular, pruritic skin

located symetrically elbows, knees, buttocs, post scalp (disease + associated dx)

A

Dermatitis herpetiformis

Celiac disease

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13
Q

Diarrhea, dementia, dermatitis and death

A

pellagra

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14
Q

Carcinoid syndrome: assoc deficiency + tx

A

Assoc def: pellagra (B3 def) tryptophan (precursor to niacin) used to make serotonin
Tx: octreotide

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15
Q

Tx of diverticulitis

A

Bowel rest, NG tube placement, Broad spectrum abx (metronidazole + flouroqin or 2nd/3rd cephalo)

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16
Q

Indirect vs direct hernia: etiology and location

A

Indirect: congenital patent processus vaginalis; lateral to in epigastric vessels
Direct: defect in transversalis fascia (Breakdown with age)
medial to epigastric vessels

17
Q

Extraintestinal manifestations of UC (4)

A

Primary sclerosing cholangitis, aphthous stomatitis, erythema nodosum, pyoderma gangrenosum

18
Q

Sx and Tx of choledocolithiasis

A

Sx: biliary colic, jaundice, fever, pancreatitis
incr alk phos, t and dbili
Tx: ERCP with sphicterotomy + cholecystectomy

19
Q

MRCP/ERCP shows “beading”: Dx and Tx

A

Dx: Primary sclerosing cholangitis
Tx: ursodiol, ERCP and stenting, liver transplant

20
Q

Primary sclerosing cholangitis: associated dx and malignancy

A

Assoc with ulcerative colitis and cholangiocarcinoma

21
Q

presents with incr unconjugated bilirubin, no other abnormalilities

A

Gilbert’s (decr activity of glucoronyl transferase)

22
Q

Drugs causing hepatitis (4)

A

Alcohol
Acetominophen
INH
methyldopa

23
Q

Hyperbilirubinemia: Causes for unconj (4) and conjugated (2)

A

Unconj: hemolytic anemia, gilbert, crigler-najjar
Conj: Dubin-Johnson, Rotor’s

24
Q

+ anti-smooth muscle antibodies

A

autoimmune hepatitis

25
Q

Hep B serology:

  • Acute early infxn
  • Immunity
    • during window period
  • High vs low transmissibility
A
  • Acute early infxn: HBsAg
  • Immunity: HBsAb
    • during window period: HBcAb
  • High transmissibility: HBeAg
  • Low transmissibility: HBeAb
26
Q

Tx of chronic HCV and HBV

A

HCV: interferon and ribavirin
HBV: Interferon and lamivudine or adefovir

27
Q

SAAG dx of ascitis

A

SAAG> 1.1: Portal hypertension

SAAG

28
Q

+ Antimitochonrdrial Ab: Dx + Tx

A

Dx: Primary biliary cirrhosis
Tx: Ursodeoxycholic acid, cholestyramine, liver transplant

29
Q

Spontaneous bacterial peritonitis: Dx and Tx and ppx

A

Dx: >250 PMNs/ml
Tx: 3rd gen cephalosporin, IV albumin
Ppx: flouroquinolone

30
Q

Tx Wilson’s disease

A

penicillamine, zinc

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