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Pediatrics Flashcards

1
Q

What are the newborn screening tests?

A 
"Please Check Baby Before Going Home"
P - PKU
C - CAH/ CF
B - Biotinidase/ Beta- Thalassemia
G - Galactosemia
H - Hypothyroidism/ Homocystinuria
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2
Q

What is Vater Syndrome?

A

V - Vertebral abnormality
A - Anal
TE - Tracheal Esophageal Fistula
R - Renal

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3
Q

What is the Average IQ?

A

85-100

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4
Q

What are the most common causes of mental retardation in the US?

A

FAS, Fragile X and Down’s Syndrome

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5
Q

What is the APGAR test?

A 
Neonatal Rating Scale (0-10) Greater than 7
Test @ 1 minute and 5 minutes
A - Appearance (Color)
P - Pulse
G - Grimace
A - Activity
R - Respiration
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6
Q

What is the most common eye infection in New Born

A

First day - Clear discharge due to Silver Nitrate
First week - Gonorrhea (purulent discharge)
Second week - Chlamydia
Third week - Herpes

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7
Q

What are the causes of Hyperbilirubinemia?

A

Sepsis, ABO Incompatibility, Hypothyroidism and Breast-feeding

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8
Q

What is the cause of Symmetrically small babies?

A

In Early onset: Chromosomal Abnormalities or TORCHES

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9
Q

What is the cause of Asymmetrically Small babies?

A

In Late onset: Poor maternal nutrition and vascular disease

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10
Q

What is the cause of large babies?

A

DM or twin-twin transfusions

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11
Q

What is Milia?

A

Neonatal white or pale yellow heads on malar area

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12
Q

What is Nevus Flammeus?

A

Port Wine Stain

  • Permanent
  • Unilateral of face or neck
  • Vascular malformation
  • Sturge - Weber syndrome - Vasculitis
  • Mgt: Pulsed laser therapy
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13
Q

What is Seborrheic Dermatitis?

A

Red rash with oily skin and dry flaky hairline, crusty lesion

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14
Q

What are Mongolian spots?

A

Melanocytes on lower back

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15
Q

What is Erythema Toxicum?

A

White wheal on red area rash has Eosinophils

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16
Q

What is Subgaleal Hemorrhage?

A

Prolonged jaundice in newborns due to birthing trauma

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17
Q

What is Caput Succedaneum?

A

Bleeding under scalp (edema will cross suture lines)

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18
Q

What is Cephalohematoma?

A

Bleeding under bone (blood does not cross suture lines)

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19
Q

What is an Epstein’s Pearl?

A

White pearls on hard palate

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20
Q

What is persistent eye drainage since birth usually due to?

A

Blocked Duct

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21
Q

What are wide sutures due to?

A

Hypothyroidism and Down’s Syndrome

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22
Q

What causes a Cleft Palate?

A

Maxillary shelves did not fuse

23
Q

What causes a Cleft Lip?

A

Medial nasal prominence did not fuse

24
Q

What is the most common cause of no red reflex?

A

Cataracts - Increased incidence with high glucose or galactose, Rubella, Failure of light stimulating the retina by 3 months of life and if this does not occur the child will be blind

25
What is the most common cause of a White Reflex?
Retinoblastoma
26
What is the sign of a Clavicle Fracture?
Asymmeteric Moro reflex
27
Where is the most common site of a Clavicle fracture due to birth?
Middle third of the Clavicle
28
What is an Omphalocele?
Intestines protrude out of the umbilicus covered by peritoneum
29
What is Gastroschisis?
Wall defect lateral to midline - off center, abdominal wall with no sac covering
30
What is a Nephroblastoma?
Abdominal mass due to enlarged "Wilm's Tumor", hemihypertrophy and Aniridia
31
What is a Neuroblastoma?
Adrenal Medulla tumor Hypsarrthymia Opsoclonus Increased urinary VMA
32
What is Polyhydramnios?
Too much amniotic fluid (baby can't swallow)
33
What are the most common causes of Oligohydramnios?
Abdominal Muscle Problem: Prune Belly | Renal Agenesis: Potters Syndrome
34
What is the most common cause of Polyhydramnios?
Neuromuscular problem: Werdnig Hoffman | GI problem: Duodenal atresia
35
What is Oligohydramnios?
Too little amniotic fluid (baby can't pee)
36
What is Fifth's disease?
Erythema Infectiosum "Slapped Cheeks" B-19 Parvovirus Aplastic anemia, in sickle cell patients Hydrops Fetalis
37
What is Sixth's DIsease?
Roseola, Exanthema Subitum (fever disappears then rash appears)
38
What is Hand-Foot-Mouth Disease?
Mouth ulcers, will not eat or drink | Palm and sole rash caused by coxsackie virus
39
What is seen in Measles (Rubeola)?
CCCK: Cough, Coryza (runny nose), Conjunctivitis, Koplik Spot Morbilliform blotchy rash
40
What is Molluscum Contagiosum
Flesh colored papules with a central dimple
41
What is Mumps?
Parotitis (Red Stenson's Duct)
42
What is Otitis Media?
Fluid in the middle ear
43
What is Pityriasis Rosea?
Herald Patch that migrates along skin lines in a Christmas Tree appearance
44
What is Rubella (German 3-day Measles)
Trunk rash Lymphadenopathy behind ears they don't look sick
45
How is Smallpox different from Chickenpox?
Smallpox is on the face, same stage of development and fever
46
What is seen with Varicella (Chickenpox)?
Red macule clear vesicle on red dot Pus and scabbing various stages of healing
47
What is Zellweger's?
Neonatal Seizures
48
What is the most common cause of delayed speech developement?
Hearing loss
49
What are the signs of child abuse?
``` Multiple Ecchymosis Retinal Hemorrhage Epidural / Subdural Hemorrhage Spiral Fractures (twisted) Multiple fractures in different stages of healing ```
50
What should you rule out when child abuse is suspected?
Osteogenesis Imperfecta, bleeding disorders, Fifth's disease and Mongolian spots
51
What is Congenital Hip Dysplasia?
Hip dislocation may be developed in uterus during delivery, found during new born eval, gluteal fold asymmetric The Barlow/Ortolani maneuver test: there is a palpable "clunk: or click as the hip is dislocated in a posterior-superior direction
52
What is Legg-Calve-Perthes Disease?
A vascular necrosis of femoral head, more often in young children (4-8 y/o), mildly painful limb that develops insidiously. Range of motion is limited especially internal rotation and abduction, x-ray join effusion
53
What is Slipped Capital Femoral Epiphysis?
Gradual or acute separation of the proximal femoral growth plate with femur head slipping off femoral neck and rotating into inferior-posterior position. Most common during puberty and more in overweight individuals, present with a limp and pain recurring often to the knee Limited hip internal rotation and outward rotation of lump with hip flexion x-ray: epiphyseal displacement
54
What is TORCH Infection?
Toxoplasmosis: Hydrocephalus with generalized intracranial calcification and choriogenesis. Others= HIV, Syphilis, Varicella, B-19 HIV= Most infected are asymptomatic, clinical symptoms-- Lymphadenopathy/Hepatosplenomegaly Syphilis= Osteochondritis and Peridotites; skin rash on palms and soles, snuffles Varicells = Pneumonia (neonatal); limb hypoplasia, cutaneous scar, seizure, MR B-19 = Hydrops Fetalis Rubella = Cataracts, deafness and heart defects, blueberry muffin spots CMV = Microcephaly with periventricular calcification, petechia with thrombocytopenia, sensorineural hearing loss Herpes = 1st week: Pneumonia/shock 2nd week: Skin vesicles, keratoconjunctivitis 3rd week: Acute Meningoencephalitis

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