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Neurology Flashcards

1
Q

what is the Central Nervous System?

A

Brain and spinal cord, Myelination by the oligodendrocytes

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2
Q

What is the Peripheral Nervous System?

A

Everything except the brain and spinal cord. Myelination by the schwann cells

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3
Q

What is the Autonomic Nervous System?

A

Automatic stuff… i.e. breathing, heartbeat

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4
Q

What is the Somatic Nervous System?

A

Moving your muscles

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5
Q

What is the Parasympathetic System?

A

Rest and digest, slows stuff down

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6
Q

How does the Parasympathetic System behave?

A 
"DUMBBELS"
Diarrhea
Urination
Miosis "Constrict"
Bradycardia
Bronchoconstriction
Erection "Point"
Lacrimation
Salivation
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7
Q

What is the Sympathetic System?

A

Fight -or- Flight, speeds stuff up

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8
Q

How does the Sympathetic System behave?

A 
Opposite of Parasympathetic:
Constipation
Urinary retention
Mydriasis - "Eyes wide with fright"
Tachycardia
Bronchodilate
Ejaculation "Shoot"
Xerophthalmia (dry eyes)
Xerostomia (Dry mouth)
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9
Q

What is Cushing’s Triad?

A

HTN, Bradycardia, irregular breathing

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10
Q

What is Budd-Chiari

A

Hepatic vein obstruction

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11
Q

What is Arnold-Chiari?

A

Foramen Magnum obstruction

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12
Q

What is Anencephaly?

A

Notochord did not make contact with the brain - only have the medulla

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13
Q

What is an Encephalocele?

A

Brain tissue herniation

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14
Q

What is a Dandy Walker malformation?

A

No cerebellum, distended 4th and lateral ventricles

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15
Q

What is an Arnold-Chiari Malformation?

A

Herniation of cerebellum through Foramen Magnum
Type 1: Cerebellar tonsils (asymptomatic)
Type 2: Cerebellar vermis/ medulla – Hydrocephalus, Syringomyelia (loss of pain and temerature)

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16
Q

What is Spina bifida occulta?

A

Covered by skin with a tuft of hair

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17
Q

What is Spina bifida aperta?

A

Has opening (High AFP)

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18
Q

What is a Meningocele?

A

Sacral pocket with meninges in it

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19
Q

What is a Meningomyelocele?

A

Sacral pocket with meninges and nerves in it

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20
Q

What is open-angle glaucoma?

A

Overproduction of fluid, painless Ipsilateral dilated pupil, gradual tunnel vision, optic disc cupping

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21
Q

What is Closed-angle glaucoma?

A

Obstruction of canal of Schlemm, there is a sudden onset pain, emergency

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22
Q

What are the Water shed areas?

A

Hippocampus, splenic flexure

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23
Q

What bug loves the frontal lobe?

24
Q

What bug loves the temporal love?

25
What bug loves the parietal lobe?
Toxoplasma
26
What bug loves the hippocampus?
Rabies
27
What bug loves the posterior fossa?
TB
28
What bug loves the DCML tract?
Treponema
29
How do migraines present?
Auro, photophobia, numbness and tingling, throbbing headache, nausea
30
How do tension headaches present?
"Band-like" pain starts in posterior neck, increases throughout the day, sleep disturbance
31
How do cluster headaches present?
Rhinorrhea, unilateral orbital pain, suicidal, facial flushing, worse with lying down
32
How does temporal arteritis present?
Pain with chewing, blind in one eye
33
How does trigeminal neuralgia (Tic Douloureux) present?
Sharp, shooting face pain, recurrent episodes
34
What are the 2 kinds of partial seizures?
Simple (aware), complex (not aware)
35
What are the 3 kinds of generalized seizures?
Tonic-clonic "Grand Mal" Absence "Petit Mal" Status Epilepticus
36
How does an epidural hematoma present?
Intermittent consciousness (lucid interval)
37
How does a Subarachnoid hemorrhage present?
"Worst headache of my life", hx. of Berry aneurysm
38
How does a Subdural Hematoma present?
Headache 4 weeks after trauma, elderly (loose brain)
39
What is an Astrocytoma?
Rosenthal fibers - #1 in kids with occipital headache
40
What is an Ependymoma?
Rosettes present in the 4th Ventricle, Hydrocephalus
41
What is a Craniopharyngioma?
Motor oil biopsy, tooth enamel, Rathke's Pouch, ADH problem, Bitemporal Hemianopsia
42
What is Glioblastoma multiforme?
Pseudopalisading necrosis, worst prognosis | intralesional hemorrhage
43
What is a Hemangioblastoma?
In the cerebellum, associated with VHL
44
What is a Meduloblastoma?
Pseudorosettes compressing the brain, early morning vomiting
45
What is Meningioma?
Located parasagittal Psammoma bodies present whirling pattern best prognosis
46
What are the most common places to metastasize to the brain?
From the lung, breast, and skin, present at the White-Grey Junction
47
What is an Oligodendroglioma?
Fried egg appearance, Nodular Calcification
48
What is a Pinealoma?
Loss of upward gaze, loss of circadian rhythms lead to precocious puberty
49
What is a Schwannoma?
CN-8 tumor, unilateral deafness
50
What is Neurofibromatosis?
Cafe' au laut spots (hyperpigmentation) Peripheral nerve tumors, axillary freckles Type 1: Von Recklinghausen's-- Chromosome 17, peripheral, optic glioma, Lisch nodules, scoliosis Type 2: Acoustic Neuroma, Central, Chromosome 22, cataracts, bilateral deafness
51
What is Sturge-Weber?
Port wine stain (big purple spot) on forehead angioma of retina Epilepsy Mental retardation
52
What is Tuberous Sclerosis?
``` Ashleaf spots (hypopigmentation) Primary brain tumors Heart Rhabdomyolysis Renal cell CA Shagreen spots (leathery) ```
53
What is Benign Positional Vertigo?
Sensation of room spinning Nausea/Vomiting Nystagmus without hearing loss or tinnitus Onset of symptoms when change position
54
What is Vestibular Neuritis?
Inflammation of the vestibular portion (CN8), Could be associated with viral infection, characterized by vertigo and dizziness
55
What is Labyrinthitis?
Inflammation of the Cochlear portion of the inner ear, present with hearing loss and tinnitus
56
What is Meniere's Disease?
Same presentation as Labyrinthitis but is a chronic condition with remitting and relapsing episodes

WPC (16 decks)

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