Immunology Flashcards
Which cytokine is released when a macrophage is activated?
IL-1
Which cytokines do T-helper cells stimulate?
All IL’s except IL-1
Which enlarged lymph nodes are most likely malignant?
Supraclavicular, Epitrochlear (above the elbow), inguinal
What is CD8?
T-killer or T-suppressor cell
Responds to MHC-1 complex (self)
Which of your cells express MHC-1?
All nucleated cells except the immune-privileged cells/tissues, RBC’s and Platelets
What are the classifications of MHC-1?
HLA-A, HLA-B and HLA-C
What are the Immuno-privileged sites?
Areas of the body that have no lymphatic flow, no antigens, and these areas can be transplanted without fear of rejection (brain, cornea, thymus, and testes) they do not express MHC-1
Which cells express MHC-2?
Antigen presenting cells
macrophages, dendritic cells, and neutrophils
What are the classifications of MHC-2?
HLA-DP, HLA-DQ, HLA-DR
What are CD4 cells?
T-helper cell - Responds to MHC-2 (foreign attack)
What type of immunity does TH1 provide?
Enhances cell mediated immunity
What type of immunity does TH2 provide?
Enhances humoral immunity
What do B cell deficiency patients die of?
Bacterial infection?
What is Common Variable Immuno. Def?
Young adults with B cells that do not work
What is Bruton’s Agammaglobulinemia?
Kids ( < 1 y/o) with defective tyrosine kinase; they have no antibodies and have x-linked transmission
What is Job’s Syndrome?
Seen in red headed females
they are stuck in the IgE stage
What is Multiple Myeloma?
Multiple osteolytic lesions
Increased IgG and kappa light chains
Rouleaux formation seen on slide
What is Heavy Chain Disease?
IgA and Multiple Myeloma of the GI tract
What is selective IgG2 Deficiency?
Seen in patients with recurrent encapsulated infections
What is Selective IgA Deficiency?
Seen in transfusion, anaphylaxis, and mucus membrane infections
What is Hairy Cell Leukemia?
Cells have a fried egg/ Sunburst appearance and TRAP +
What is Ataxia Telangiectasia?
Patients have low IgA and neurological problems, difficulty ambulating and spider like blood vessels
What is Hyper IgM Syndrome?
High IgM and all other Ig’s are low
What do T cell deficiency patients die of?
Viral infections, fungal, etc
except bacterial
What is DiGeorge Syndrome?
No Thymus, inferior Parathyroid and low calcium
What is Chronic Mucocutaneous Candidiasis?
T-cell defect against Candida Albicans and chronic fatigue
What is SCID?
No Thymus (no T-cells) frayed long bones (no B-cells) baby dies by 18 months