Pediatrics Flashcards
Red flags for growth and development is changes in >/= ____ percentile lines
> /= 2 percentile line
People w/ downs are at higher risk for what MSK injury?
spinal cord injury
Round face that appears flat, upward slanding eyes and low set years, simian crease on hands and macroglossia and poor moro reflex
Downs
Microcephaly, shortened palpebral fissures and flat nasal bridge, ears are underdeveloped
FASD
conjunctivitis within 2-5 days after birth is likely
Gonorrhea
Conjunctivities that is 4-10 days after birth with watery discharge then purulent discharge is likely
What other test is important to rule out complications?
chlamydia
NP swab for chlamydial pneumonia
Weight loss beyond ___ % in neonates is abnormal
7%
Name this rash?
What is the prognosis
Erythema toxicum neonatorum
Lasts 1-2 weeks and resolves spontaneously
Cafe au lait spots, when concerning
macular brown spots, >/= 6 spots > 5mm
Rule out neurofibromatosis
When is a port wine stain concerning?
Who to refer to? What to rule out?
upper or lower eyelid on v1 or v2 branches of trigeminal nerve
refer to opthamologist to rule out congenital cataracts
Painful abdomen in toddler with mass that is firm, irregular and crosses midline
What organ is affected
Adrenal glands
Neuroblastoma
Horners syndrome
Note: Horner syndrome can result from a lesion anywhere along a three-neuron sympathetic (adrenergic) pathway that originates in the hypothalamus
miosis, ptosis and anhidrosis
Vision is 20/20 by what age?
6 years
Term for misalignment of the eyes
Term for lazy eye
Strabismus
Ambylopia
Greater than ___ line difference in snellen chart is concerning
Refer to opthamology
2 line
High risk factors for hearing loss: HEARS mnemonic
hyperbilirubinemia
Ear infections
Apgar scores low at birth
Rubella/Cytomegalovirus, toxoplasmosis
Seizures
High risk factors for hearing loss: HEARS mnemonic
hyperbilirubinemia
Ear infections
Apgar scores low at birth
Rubella/Cytomegalovirus, toxoplasmosis
Seizures
Screen for iron deficiency at ___ to ___ months
9-12 months
Screen for iron deficiency at ___ to ___ months
9-12 months
caput succedaneum does not cross midline. T/F?
False
Head circumference is measured up to ____ age
3 years
Cephalohematoma
Does not cross suture lines
Infants double their birth weight by _____ months and triple their weight by _____
6 months
12 month s
Start measuring height at ___ years
2 years
When to refer for chroptorchidism
4-12 months for urology
Moro reflex disappears by ____ months
3-4 months
What reflex dissapears by 6 weeks of age
stepping reflex
T/F A strong moro reflex in an older infant > 6 months is abnormal and indicates brain injury
Truw
What is the only vaccine that is given at birth?
Hep B vaccine
What tetanus diptheria vaccine to give if < 7 years and > 7 years?
DTAP < 7 years
TDAP > 7 years
Varicella and MMR vaccines are started at what age?
12 months
At what age to children follow objects past midline
2 months
Smiles spontaneously and begins to babble
4 months
Palmar grasp and passes from one hand to another
6 months
Rolls over in both directions
6 months
Pincer grasp, waves and claps hands
9 months
T/F absence of babble by 9 months is red flag for development
True
Can follow simple directions and say 2-4 words by what age?
12 months
Jaundice that starts after 24 hours and usually clears up within 2-3 weeks
Physiological jaundice
Jaundice that starts after 1 week and peaks 2-3 weeks and resolves in > 1 month
Breast milk jaundice
Infant colic rule of 3’s
Resolves in 3-4 months, occuring > 3 days per week for > 3 hours - normally occurring at same time each day
T/F. normal finding is higher BP in arms than legs
True
Painful abdorminal mass that is firm, irregular and FREQUENTLY crosses midline
Neuroblastom
asymptomatic abdominal mass that extends from flank towards midline, RARELY crosses midline
Wilms tumor/Nephroblastom
Hot potato voice and severe sore throat and drooling AND what is the most common bacterial cause?
Epiglottis H. flu
T/F. Osteomyelitis is less common in infants than adults
False, more common in children/infants
What is a serious complication of rhinosinusitis, AOM and dental infection
Periorbital cellulitis
RF = child is ___ years of age or older and is voiding at night
5 years
ASD screening starts at ___ to _____ months
18-24
Red flags
No babbling or cooing by ___ months
No single words by ___ months
No two word phrases by ___ months
12
16
24
WARM CREAM Kawasaki
Fever x 5 days
Conjunctivitis
Rash
Palmar erythema
Adenopathy
Mucous membranes - strawberry tongue
Koplik spots are pathomnemonic for
Measles
3 imms needed at 11 & 12 years
HPV
Tdap
Men-C
pain over malignant areas following ETOH consumption
Hodgkins lymphoma
Precocious puberty is if puberty starts before ___ years
Delayed pubutry is no breast development by age ___ years
8
12
After tanner stage II, females start menarche in ___ to ___ years
1-2 years following
Age of precocious puberty in males
Age of delayed puberty in males if no testicular growth by ___ years
9
14 years
Name the tanner stage:
Increased rugation of scrotum
II
Name the tanner stage:
Penis elongates, scrotal color darkens
III
Name the tanner stage:
Penis thickens
IV
Breast bud
Name the tanner stage:
II
Name the tanner stage:
One mound breast tissue and areola
III
Secondary breast mounds
Name the tanner stage:
IV
Sparse straight hair
Name the tanner stage:
II
Pubic hair starts to curl
Name the tanner stage:
III
Hair curly but not yet on medial thigh
Name the tanner stage
IV
Primary amenorrhea, no menses by age of ____ years, no breast development by ___ years and absence of pubic hair by ____ years
15 years
13
14
Pain to tibial tuberosity in adolescents that are active
Osgood shlatter
Born with extra X chromosome. One of the causes of primary hypogonadism
Kleinfelter
Females with complete or absence of secondary sex chromosome. Webbed neck. High arched palate and short 4th metacarpal
Turners Syndrome
Enlarged breasts without breast bud or disk like breast tissue palpable
Pseudogynecomastia
Name the condition
Stasis dermatitis
