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NBCOT > Pediatrics > Flashcards

Pediatrics Flashcards

1
Q

Categories of Play

A
  1. Exploratory Play (0-2 years)
  2. Symbolic Play (2-4 years)
  3. Creative Play (4-7 years)
  4. Games (7-12 years)
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2
Q

Exploratory Play

A

0 to 2 years old

Play experiences which develop body schemes, sensory integrative and motor skills

Child explores the properties and effects of actions on objects and people

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3
Q

Symbolic Play

A

2 to 4 years old

Formulates, tests, classifies and refines ideas, feelings and combined actions

Associated with language development

Parallel play which can become more cooperative over time

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4
Q

Creative Play

A

4 to 7 years old

Sensory, motor, cognitive and social play experiences…refining relevant skills

Combination actions, participate in cooperative peer groups

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5
Q

Games (Play)

A

7 to 12 years old

Participating in play with rules, competition, social interaction and opportunities for development of skills

Friends become important for validation, parents assist and validate in the absence of peers

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6
Q

Asthma OT treatment implications

A

Chronic lung condition, typically appears before 5 yo

  1. Education: reducing exposure to irritants
  2. Self-management strategies: pacing, stress, etc.
  3. Structured peer-group activities - to reduce isolation
  4. Breathing exercises, stretching, controlled breathing
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7
Q

Bronchopulmonary dysplasia

A

Prolong mechanical ventilation, traumatic acute respiratory interventions…

…leads to thickening of airways, excess mucus, restricted alveolar growth

High risk for respiratory infections

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8
Q

A common symptom that may be treated in sickle cell anemia is…

A

Pain, requiring pain management techniques
Decreased energy

Remember, it means the red blood cells are abnormally shaped.

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9
Q

With cystic fibrosis, one of the most serious complications is…

A

Chronic pulmonary disease
Characterized by chronic cough, wheezing, and lower respiratory infections

May result in enlarged right side of heart leading to heart failure!

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10
Q

Osteogenesis Imperfecta

A

Brittle bones - congenital defect

Severe forms lead to progressive deformities and underdeveloped muscles. Mild forms may be fractures in childhood but bones harden by puberty.

Critical OT components:
Parental education on safe handling and positioning
Monitored activities to promote weightbearing

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11
Q

Epiphyseal plate congenital anomalies

A

Marfan’s Syndrome - excessive growth at epiphyseal plates
Lax and hypermobile joints, delayed walking, some potential deformities

Achondroplasia - stunting of epiphyseal plate growth
Do not grow past 4 ft, back and leg pain

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12
Q

Arthrogryposis

A

Characterized by incomplete contracture of many or all of the client’s joints

OT intervention to focus on:

  1. Increasing ROM and strength - stretching, splinting, serial casting
  2. Adaptive equipment for occupational participation
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13
Q

Soft Tissue Injury Categories

A 
Strain = muscle injury 
Sprain = ligament injury 
Bruise = contusion and discoloration of subcutaneous tissue
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14
Q

Juvenile Rheumatoid Arthritis OT Implications

A
  1. Splinting
  2. Involve client in AROM and PROM
  3. Monitor joint function and development of deformity
  4. Education: energy conservation and adaptive equipment
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15
Q

Lordosis

A

Hollowback (I also think like belly out…)

Common in…severe obsesity, hip flexion contracture, muscular dystrophy

Treatment:

  1. Stretch hip flexors
  2. Strengthen abdominals
  3. Postural training
  4. Back bracing
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16
Q

Kyphosis

A 
Round back (sometimes called hunchback)
Think skeletal growth outpacing muscular growth

Common in…spina bifida cystica and arthritis

Treatment:

  1. Postural training
  2. Strengthening
  3. Milwaukee brace
  4. Anterior spinal release and postural spinal fusion (only for severe cases)
17
Q

Scoliosis

A

Most serious curvature of spine!!
Lateral curvature

Functional causes: poor postural tone, hip contractures, leg length discrepancies, pain
Congenital causes: abnormal spinal cord structure, nervous system diseases

65-80 = cardiopulmonary dysfunction

Treatment:

  1. Orthotic intervention
  2. Surgical spinal fusion
  3. Bracing
  4. Postoperative strengthening of abdominal muscles
  5. ADL adaptations
18
Q

Key markers of cerebral palsy

A
  1. Retention of primitive reflexes and automatic reactions
  2. Abnormal or variable muscle tone
  3. Hyperresponsive tendon reflexes
  4. Asymmetrical use of extremities
  5. Clonus
  6. Poor feeding and tongue control
  7. Involuntary movements
19
Q

Scales for assessing function with cerebral palsy include…

A
  1. Manual Ability Classification System: describes how children with CP use their hands to handle objects in daily activities (5 levels)
  2. Gross Motor Function Classification System: looks at movements such as sitting, walking and use of mobility devices
20
Q

Gower’s Sign

A

Positive Gower’s sign is linked to Duchenne’s Muscular Dystrophy (DMD)

When asked to get up from the floor, the child will move the hands on the legs as through crawling up to the thighs and then assume a standing position

21
Q

Intellectual Disability levels (eye roll)

A

Mild (55-70): Academic skills at 3rd - 7th grade level, able to work with minimal support

Moderate (40-55): Academic skills to 2nd grade level, some unskilled and skilled work tasks

Severe (25-40): Communicates and performs BADLs, often requires support to complete routines

Profound (below 25): Caregiver assistance for basic tasks, other comorbid deficits typically

22
Q

Congenital infections transmitted from mother to child

A

Storch

Syphilis
Toxoplasmosis 
Other infections
Rubella
Cytomegalovirus 
Herpes simplex virus-2
23
Q

Peabody (PMDS-2)

A

Development motor scale

Ages: 0-5 years old
(five pea peapod)

Gross motor, fine motor, grasp, VMI, reflexes (how are you going to open and eat this peapod?)

Standardized

24
Q

Sensory Processing Measure (SPM)

A

Preschool: 2 - 5 years
Standard: 5 - 12 years

Home, classroom, school environment form

Sensory processing, social participation*, and praxis

25
Q

Beery (VMI)

A

Visual motor
Standardized

2 - 100 years old

Culture free and nonverbal

Very easy to use as a classroom screening

Visual perception and visual motor integration

26
Q

Sensory Processing Measure (SPM)

A

Preschool: 2 - 5 years
Standard: 5 - 12 years

Home, classroom, school environment form

Sensory processing, social participation, and praxis

27
Q

Sensory Profile 2

A

Toddler: 7 - 35 months
Child: 3 - 14 years

Caregiver/parent questionnaire

Sensory processing patterns and impact on functional performance

28
Q

Bruininks-Oseretsky Test of Motor Proficiency

A

Age: 4 - 21 years old

Fine motor and gross motor, manual coordination, bilateral integration
Standardized ask-based assessment

Norm referenced

NBCOT (13 decks)

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