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NBCOT > Neurological Disorders > Flashcards

Neurological Disorders Flashcards

1
Q

Primary vs. Secondary TBI

A

Primary: at the moment of impact
Secondary: several days to many weeks after injury

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2
Q

Decorticate rigidity

A

UE: spastic flexed position with internal rotation and adduction
LE: spastic extended position, internally rotated and adducted

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3
Q

Decerebrate rigidity

A

UE and LE: spastic extension, adduction and internal rotation
Wrist and fingers: flexed
Plantar portion of feet: flexed and inverted
Trunk: extended
Head: retracted

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4
Q

Frontal Lobe functions

A

Motor planning, motor control, higher order cognition

Precentral gyrus: primary motor cortex for voluntary muscle action

Prefrontal cortex: emotions, judgments, higher-order cognitive functions (ideation, abstraction)

Premotor cortex: planning of movements
includes Broca’s area for motor aspects of speech

pg. 206 Therapy Ed

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5
Q

Parietal Lobe function

A

Body sensation for opposite side of body

Postcentral gyrus: primary sensory cortex for integration of sensation

Overall, receives fibers conveying touch, proprioceptive, pain and temperature sensations from opposite side of body
(Think body sensation for opposite side)

Pg. 206 Therapy Ed

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6
Q

Temporal Lobe function

A

Auditory and language comprehension

Primary auditory cortex: receives and processes auditory stimuli

Associative auditory cortex: processes auditory stimuli

Wernicke’s area: language comprehension

pg. 206 Therapy Ed

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7
Q

Occipital Lobe function

A

Visual stimuli

Primary visual cortex: receives and processes visual stimuli

Visual association cortex: processes visual stimuli

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8
Q

Limbic system function

A

Basic functions: feeding, aggression, emotions, endocrine aspects of sexual response and long-term memory formation

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9
Q

Middle Cerebral Artery (MCA) stroke symptoms

A

Contralateral
Hemiplegia, hemianesthesia (sensation loss), homonymous hemianopsia

Left MCA: aphasia and/or apraxia
Right MCA: unilateral neglect, spatial dysfunction

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10
Q

Internal Carotid Artery (ICA) stroke symptoms

A

Similar to MCA

Contralateral
Hemiplegia, hemianesthesia (sensation loss), homonymous hemianopsia

Left MCA: aphasia and/or apraxia
Right MCA: unilateral neglect, spatial dysfunction

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11
Q

Anterior Cerebral Artery (ACA) stroke symptoms

A 
Contralateral hemiplegia
Grasp reflex 
Incontinence
Confusion
Apathy 
Mutism
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12
Q

Posterior Cerebral Artery (PCA) stroke symptoms

A

Homonymous hemianopsia
Thalamic pain (burning, tingling, difficulty with temp change)
Hemi-sensory loss
Alexia (inability to comprehend written materials)

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13
Q

Vertebrobasilar system stroke symptoms

A

Pseudobulbar signs:

  1. Dysarthria
  2. Dysphagia
  3. Emotional instability

Tetraplegia

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14
Q

Left Hemispheric Specialization

A
  1. Movement on right side of body
  2. Processing sensory information from right side of body
  3. Visual reception from right field
  4. Bilateral motor praxis
  5. Verbal memory
  6. Bilateral auditory reception
  7. Speech
  8. Processing of verbal auditory information
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15
Q

Right Hemispheric Specialization

A
  1. Movement on left side of body
  2. Processing sensory information from left side of body
  3. Visual reception from left field
  4. Visual spatial processing
  5. Left motor praxis
  6. Nonverbal memory
  7. Attention to incoming stimuli
  8. Emotional lability
  9. Processing nonverbal auditory information
  10. Interpretation of abstract information
  11. Interpretation of tonal inflections
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16
Q

Modifiable risk factors of stroke

A
  1. Hypertension
  2. Cardiac disease
  3. Atrial fibrillation
  4. Diabetes mellitus
  5. Smoking
  6. Alcohol abuse
  7. Hyperlipidemia
17
Q

Transient ischemic attack (TIA)

A

Mini strokes causing mild neurological symptoms that resolve in 24 hours

TIAs are often a warning sign for a more significant stroke, about 1/3 of those with TIAs will have an acute stroke at some point in the future

18
Q

Neurological impairments we may be looking for after an acute stroke include… (general)

A
  1. Motor dysfunction (hemiplegia, hemiparesis)
  2. Trunk and postural control, sitting and standing balance
  3. Communication impairments (aphasias, dysarthrias)
  4. Cognitive and perceptual impairments (neglect, apraxia, visual perceptual, problem solving)
  5. Upper extremity impairment (subluxations, edema)
  6. Visual impairments (homonymous hemianopsia)
  7. Psychosocial adjustments (depression is common, anxiety, personality changes)
19
Q

Global aphasia

A

Loss of ALL language ability

20
Q

Broca’s aphasia

A

Broken speech
Slow, labored speech
Frequent mispronounciations

21
Q

Wernicke’s aphasia

A

Impaired auditory reception

Speech may be fluent but meaningless/nonsensical

22
Q

Dysarthria

A

Articulation disorder resulting from paralysis of the organ of speech

23
Q

Motor apraxia

A

Difficulty completing planned movements

24
Q

Ideational apraxia

A

Difficulty with conceptualizing planned, multistep movements

25
Q

Visual agnosia

A

Difficulty recognizing objects

26
Q

Assessment of Motor and Process Skills (AMPS)

A

Requires additional training

Assessment of ADL task performance

Clients choose 2-3 standardized tasks and the OT observes the person’s quality of performance

27
Q

Barthel Index Measure

A

Measure independence in BASIC ADLs
(Therefore high scores does NOT equate ability to live independently)

Direct observation of task performance, interview of individual, medical records

  1. Feeding
  2. Transferring
  3. Personal grooming
  4. Toileting
  5. Control of bladder
  6. Control of bowel
  7. Bathing
  8. Dressing
  9. Walking on level ground
  10. Negotiating/climbing stairs
28
Q

Functional Independence Measure (FIM) System

A

Assesses severity of disability and amount of assistance needed according to 6 performance areas

  1. Self-care
  2. Sphincter management
  3. Mobility
  4. Locomotion
  5. Communication
  6. Social cognition
    (OT typically deals with some self-care and mobility such as tub transfer)

Each item on a scale 1-7
1 = Total Assistance
7 = Independent

29
Q

Contraindicated for patients at C6-C7 spinal cord injury level:

A

Extended arms with flat palms

Stretches out the flexors, which decreases tenodesis grasp

30
Q

At the C5 spinal cord injury level, you will typically recommend this adaptive device:

A

Universal cuff (no wrist movements)

NBCOT (13 decks)

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