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N827 > Pediatric Sports Medicine > Flashcards

Pediatric Sports Medicine Flashcards

1
Q

Salter-Harris Fracture Type I

A

Physis fracture

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2
Q

Salter-Harris Fracture Type II

A

Metaphysis and physis fracture

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3
Q

Salter-Harris Fracture Type III

A

Epiphysis and physis fracture

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4
Q

Salter-Harris Fracture Type IV

A

Epiphysis to metaphysis fracture

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5
Q

Salter-Harris Fracture Type V

A

Crush Fracture

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6
Q

Supracondylar fracture of the humerus - Gartland Classification

A
  • Type I: Non-displaced
  • Type II: Displaced with intact posterior cortex
  • Type III: Complete displacement; usually posteromedial or posterolateral
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7
Q

Common Overuse Inuries: Traction Apophysitis

A
  • Sever’s Disease (8-12yr): Osteochondritis of the heel
  • Osgood-Schlatters (11-15yr): Apophysitis of the tibial tubercle
  • Little League elbow (10-15yr): Apophysitis of the medial epicondyle of the elbow
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8
Q

Soccer: Common Injuries

A
  • ACL
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9
Q

ACL Injuries

A
  • Mechanism is usually plant and twist
  • Usually non-contact
  • Higher incidence in girls
  • Knee effusion common
  • Dx with Lachman’s test; anterior drawer; posterior drawer; MRI
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10
Q

Football Common Injuries

A
  • Head and neck
  • Acromioclavicular sprains
  • Stingers, burners
  • Finger injuries: Jersey finger, Mallet finger
  • C-Spine injuries
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11
Q

C-Spine Injury

A
  • C-spine straight with axial loading on top of head
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12
Q

Acromioclavicular Sprains

A
  • Direct hit to top of shoulder

- Point tenderness at AC joint

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13
Q

Burners or Stingers

A
  • Stretch or compression of the brachial plexus
  • Sudden pain, tingling, radiating from neck to fingers
  • Typically transient
  • Tx: ROM, strengthening, protective gear
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14
Q

Jersey Finger

A
  • Injury to flexor digitalis profundus (FDP)
  • Occurs during tackling in football
  • History of failure to grab an object
  • Painful, swollen finger, especially at the volar DIPJ
  • Ring finger commonly involved
  • Inability to flex at DIPJ; PIPJ and MIPJ flexion preserved
  • X-rays to assess for tendinous rupture or bony avulsion fracture
  • Splint finger
  • Refer to hand surgeon
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15
Q

Mallet finger

A
  • Flexion deformity of the DIPJ
  • Painful, swollen fingertip
  • Commonly occurs when catching a ball
  • Inability to extend the distal phalanx at the DIPJ
  • 2 forms: tendinous (extensor tendon rupture); Bony (bony avulsion Fx of the distal phalanx)
  • Splint 6-8wk
  • Refer failed non-surgical Tx
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16
Q

Common Baseball/Softball Inuries

A
  • Little League Elbow

- Panner’s disease (<12yr)

17
Q

Little League Elbow

A
  • Apophysitis of the medial epicondyle
  • Overuse injury secondary to throwing mechanics
  • Tender directly over medial aspect of elbow
  • Will often elicit a Hx of pitching
  • Need to differentiate LLE from Panner’s disease and osteochondritis Dissecans (OCD)
18
Q

Panner’s Disease

A
  • Avascular necrosis of the cepitellum of teh humerus
  • Affects mostly boys
  • Common Sx: pain and stiffness; restricted extension motion of the elbow; local tenderness of the capitellum
19
Q

Osteochondritis Dissecan’s (OCD)

A
  • Usually affects adolescents and young adults
  • Involves separation of a segment of cartilage and subchondral bone
  • The area most frequently affected is the anterolateral surface of the humeral capitellum
20
Q

Common Basketball Injuries

A
  • ACL
  • Patellar tendonitis (Jumper’s knee)
  • Ankle sprains
21
Q

Ankle sprain

A
  • Very commonly injured joint
  • Most commonly lateral ankle sprain
  • In child with open physis, if tender over malleolus, then splint and refer
  • Mechanism: inversion, plantar flexion
22
Q

High Ankle Sprain

A
  • syndesmosis injury
  • Ligament between tibia and fibula tears
  • Mechanism: twisting outward of ankle
  • Squeeze test: grab calf just above the ankle joint and squeeze it; hallmark sign
  • Refer
  • Surgery often necessary
23
Q

Common Gymnastics Injury

A
  • Spondylosis

- Spondylolisthesis

24
Q

Spondylolysis

A
  • Stress fracture or defect of the pars interarticularis in a vertebra
  • Due to repetitive increase in shear forces in the lumbar spine
25
Q

Spondylolisthesis

A
  • Movements of extension and rotation leading to:
  • slipping of all or part of one vertebra forward on another
  • Slipping occurs as a result of repetitive hyperextension which causes a shear stress at the pars interarticularis
26
Q

S/S Gymnastics Injury

A
  • Insidious onset
  • Pain with hyperextension
  • Initially pain with sports, then increases to pain with ADLs and progressing to pain interfering with sleep
  • A hyperlordotic (increased curvature, not scoliotic) lower back
  • Relative tightness on the hamstring muscles

N827 (19 decks)

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