Growth and Development: School-Age Child Flashcards

1
Q

School-Age Child Periods

A
  • Early Childhood: 5-7
  • Middle Childhood: 8-10
  • Late Childhood: 11-12
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2
Q

School-Age General Considerations

A
  • Busy, active, curious, vocal
  • Can function in more structured environment (School)
  • Advanced physical abilities, sports
  • Engages in peer relationships
  • Masters intellectual skills
  • Develops awareness of others’ feelings
  • More sophisticated social skills
  • Become negotiators
  • develop a sense of belonging to a community
  • Patterns of NL growth have broad parameters
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3
Q

Approach to the School-Age Assessment

A
  • Introduce yourself directly to the child FIRST
  • Ask the child who is with him/her today
  • Shake hands if the child is willing
  • Ask age appropriate questions directly to the child and give time for answers
  • Explain what you plan to do with the child prior to carrying out the assessment
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4
Q

School-Age Health Hx

A
  • Include age appropriate discussions including:
  • Strangers and inappropriate touch
  • Hygiene and body image, dress, modesty
  • Progressive, age appropriate decisions concerning cigarettes, ETOH, drugs, gangs, sexual abstinence, risk of sexual activity, protection of STIs, Birth control
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5
Q

School-Age ROS

A
  • Subjective data received directly from child
  • Pay attention to both child/parental concerns on puberty
  • Be alert to ANY PARENTAL CONCERNS about behavior or school performance
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6
Q

School-Age PE

A
  • Continue to plot stats on charts
  • Expect changes in VS and compare to NL for age
  • NL stages of puberty including Tanner Stages in M/F
  • In F: includes breasts (thelarche), pubic hair (adrenarche), and genital development
  • In M: Includes pubic hair and genital development
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7
Q

Tanner Stage: Female Breasts

A

1) Prepubertal: No palpable breast tissue
2) Breast bud
3) Further enlargement of breast and areola
4) Projection of areola
5) Adult-like with areola recessed to contour of breast

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8
Q

Tanner Stages: Female Pubic Hair

A

1) No pubic hair
2) Sparse pubic hair, straight, on labia
3) Pubic hair coarser, darker, curled over pubic bone
4) Adult-like, not on thighs
5) Adult distribution

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9
Q

Tanner Stages: Male Genitalia

A

1) Prepubertal
2) Scrotum and testes larger; penis same size; sparse pubic hair
3) penis larger; pubic hair coarser, curly, to pubis
4) Penis, testes, scrotum larger; hair not on thighs
5) Adult-like hair on thighs

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10
Q

Puberty: General Guidelines - Female

A
  • Average age of breast bud development is 9-13, but may be as young as 6, depending on ethnicity; generally asymmetric.
  • Usually pubic hair develops 6mo after breast buds; sometimes it is prior to breasts
  • Average age of menarche is 12.5, but may be as young as 9-10, depending on ethnicity and nutritional factors
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11
Q

Puberty: General Guidelines - Male

A
  • Growth of testes starts 6mo prior to pubic hair; left testis usually hangs lower than right
  • Testicular enlargement always precedes other changes (if not ? anabolic steroids)
  • Sperm (spermarche) starts between 13.5-14.5
  • Axillary, facial, body hair appears at Tanner stage IV in that order
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12
Q

Pediatric Symptom Checklist (PSC) - A Developmental Tool

A
  • Psychosocial screen for 6-16
  • Recognizes cognitive, emotional, and behavioral problems for early intervention
  • Consists of 35 questions that are scored as 0, 1, & 2 for never, sometimes, and always
  • The cutoff is 28; anything higher than this reflects psychosocial impairment and the need for further evaluation
  • Can be used as young as 4-5, but abnormal score is lowered to 24 in this group
  • Contains a Y-PSC (Y=Youth) completed by age 11+; scoring for this set at 30+ is abnormal
  • If 4+ items are blank, the screen is invalid
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13
Q

6-7yr: PE Findings

A
  • Communicaton: competely intelligible language, full understandable sentences; doubles vocabulary
  • Gross motor: hops, jumps, skips, catches ball, coordinated activity/sports; test muscle strength
  • Fine motor: adult-like pencil grasp; draws all shapes; complete body (8 parts); ties shoes
  • Problem solving: can complete school work; longer attention span; may reverse letters; writes words; likes to build things
  • Social: makes friends; plays interactive sports; shows interest in rules
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14
Q

8-9yr: PE Findings

A
  • Communication: reads books, stories; relates the story to a listener in detail
  • Gross motor: walks in straight line; coordinated; strong with endurance; good sense of balance; a little “gawky”
  • Fine Motor: writes sentences; copies a diamond; draws a person (16 parts)
  • Problem solving: days of week; adds; subtracts; knows right and left; tells time
  • Social: hobbies; likes animals; best friend and best enemy; enjoys group activities
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15
Q

10-12yr: PE Findings

A
  • Communication: Reads fluently; likes reading magazines; how-to projects
  • Gross motor: increase in body strength; improved coordination
  • Fine motor: easily writes in cursive; improved hand dexterity
  • Problem solving: improved coordination and reaction time; likes games with more complex rules; higher level math; trouble following rules
  • Social: more goal oriented; develops special hobbies; friendships very important
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16
Q

Girls are, on average…

A

2 years ahead of boys