Dermatology Flashcards
1
Q
Bulla
A
- A vesicle >5mm in diameter
2
Q
Cyst
A
- An elevated, circumscribed area of the skin filled with liquid or semisolid fluid
3
Q
Macule
A
- A flat circumscribed area of color change that is brown, red, white, or tan
4
Q
Nodule
A
- Elevated, firm, circumscribed, and palpable
- Can involve all layers of the skin
- > 5mm in diameter
5
Q
Papule
A
- Elevated area of the skin
- Palpable, firm, circumscribed lesion <5mm in diameter
6
Q
Plaque
A
- Elevated, flat-topped, firm, rough, superficial papule > 2cm in diameter
- Papules can coalesce to form plaques
7
Q
Pustule
A
- Elevated and superficial
- Similar to vesicle, but filled with pus
- <5mm in diameter
8
Q
Vesicle
A
- Elevated, circumscribed, superficial, fluid-filled blister <5mm in diameter
9
Q
Wheal
A
- Elevated, irregularly-shaped area of cutaneous edema
- Solid, transient, changing and of variable diameter
- red, pink, pale, or white in color
10
Q
Crust
A
- Dried serum, blood, or purulent exudate
- Slightly elevated
- Of variable size
11
Q
Excoriation
A
- Loss of epidermis
- Linear
- Usually due to scratching
12
Q
Lichenification
A
- Rough, thickened epidermis
- Accentuated skin markings
- Caused by rubbing or scratching (eg. chronic eczema, lichen simplex)
13
Q
Scale
A
- Heaped up keratinized cells, flaky exfoliation
- irregular, thick or thin, dry or oily, of variable size
- Silver, white, or tan in color
14
Q
Telangectasia
A
- fine, irregular red lines from capillary dilation
15
Q
Keloid
A
- Enlarging scar
- Grows beyond a wound
16
Q
Fissure
A
- crack or break in the epidermis or dermis
17
Q
Erosion
A
- Loss of part of the epidermis following a rupture of vesicle or bulla
18
Q
Ulcer
A
- Loss of epidermis or dermis
19
Q
Atrophy
A
- Thinning of the skin surface
20
Q
Transillumination of skin
A
- Used to determine the presence of fluid in masses and cysts
- Use a darkened room
- If fluid filled, will turn red
21
Q
Wood’s lamp
A
- Can be used to evaluate epidermal, hypopigmented or hyperpigmented lesions, and to determine fluorescing lesions
22
Q
Lesion
A
- Any pathologic skin change
- Primary: those that occur as initial spontaneous manifestations of a pathological process
- Secondary: Those that result from later evolution of or external trauma to a primary lesions
23
Q
Primary Lesions
A
- Macule
- Papule
- Vesicle
- Pustule
- Patch
- Plaque
- Bulla
- Cyst
- Wheal
- Purpura
24
Q
Secondary Lesions
A
- Excoriation
- Crust
- Lichenification
- Scales
- Erosion
- Ulcer
- Fissure
25
Q
Pedunculated
A
- a lesion having a stalk at the base
26
Q
Sessile
A
- A lesion without a stalk
27
Q
Annular
A
- Lesions with central clearing
28
Q
Reticulated
A
- Lesions with lacy or networked pattern
29
Q
Hair
A
- Vellus hair: fine hair covering body
- Terminal hair: scalp, pubic, and axillary areas, on arms and legs, and in the beard
- Hirsutism: growth of terminal hair in a male distribution on a female
30
Q
Acne Vulgaris: 3 types
A
- Comedonal: open = blackhead, closed = whitehead
- Inflammatory: usually pustules and papules
- Nodular/cystic: scarring
31
Q
Acne Grading Scale
A
- 0: None
- 1: Few comedones
- 2: Mild comedones, few papules, minimal erythema
- 3: comedones, papules, pustules, erythema
- 4: moderate comedones, greater number of papules and pustules extending to chest, shoulders and back; increasing erythema
- 5: Comedones, increasing number of papules, pustules, nodules with erythema
- 6: all of the above with scarring and possible hyperpigmentation
32
Q
Acne: Patho
A
- Androgen stimulation
- Plugging of pilosebaceous follicles
- Swelling of follicular ducts
- Gram positive anaerobic bacteria causing inflammation and papules and pustules
33
Q
Acne: Presentation
A
- Duration
- Past treatments and how long
- Menstrual history
- Contraceptive methods
- Family Hx
- Allergies
- Seasonal and hormonal factors
- Cosmetics
- Hair styling products
- Headbands, hats, helmets, tight bras, chin straps
- Diet: high carbs and dairy
- Drugs: androgens, lithium, topical/oral steroids, isoniazid, phenobarbital)
34
Q
Acne: Management
A
- Limit face washing and avoid harsh/abrasive cleaners
- Cosmetics and emollients should be limited to those with non-comedogenic, non-irritating, hypoallergenic products
- Daily moisturizers with sun protection factors may alleviate dryness and prevent phototoxicity
- Patients w/dry or sensitive skin may benefit from the extra emollients found in a cream vehicles
- Gels are preferred for patients with oily skin, b/c they are more drying and reduce shine
- Non-Rx products may be used as primary or adjunctive Tx
- Benzoyl peroxide (1-10%) monotherapy and salicylic acid (2%) used BID are good starting point w/mild acne
35
Q
Acne: Retinoids (Names)
A
- Tretinoin (Retin-A)
- Adalpalene (Differin)
- Tazarotene (Tazorac)
- Azelaic acid (Azelex) 20% cream
36
Q
Retinoids: Basics
A
- Keratolytics that prevent development of the comedones and are a reasonable first line med for all varieties of acne
- Most patients will remain on topical retinoids throughout the treatment
- Retinoids demonstrate well-documented anti-inflammatory properties
