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N827 > Dermatology > Flashcards

Dermatology Flashcards

1
Q

Bulla

A
  • A vesicle >5mm in diameter
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2
Q

Cyst

A
  • An elevated, circumscribed area of the skin filled with liquid or semisolid fluid
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3
Q

Macule

A
  • A flat circumscribed area of color change that is brown, red, white, or tan
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4
Q

Nodule

A
  • Elevated, firm, circumscribed, and palpable
  • Can involve all layers of the skin
  • > 5mm in diameter
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5
Q

Papule

A
  • Elevated area of the skin

- Palpable, firm, circumscribed lesion <5mm in diameter

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6
Q

Plaque

A
  • Elevated, flat-topped, firm, rough, superficial papule > 2cm in diameter
  • Papules can coalesce to form plaques
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7
Q

Pustule

A
  • Elevated and superficial
  • Similar to vesicle, but filled with pus
  • <5mm in diameter
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8
Q

Vesicle

A
  • Elevated, circumscribed, superficial, fluid-filled blister <5mm in diameter
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9
Q

Wheal

A
  • Elevated, irregularly-shaped area of cutaneous edema
  • Solid, transient, changing and of variable diameter
  • red, pink, pale, or white in color
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10
Q

Crust

A
  • Dried serum, blood, or purulent exudate
  • Slightly elevated
  • Of variable size
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11
Q

Excoriation

A
  • Loss of epidermis
  • Linear
  • Usually due to scratching
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12
Q

Lichenification

A
  • Rough, thickened epidermis
  • Accentuated skin markings
  • Caused by rubbing or scratching (eg. chronic eczema, lichen simplex)
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13
Q

Scale

A
  • Heaped up keratinized cells, flaky exfoliation
  • irregular, thick or thin, dry or oily, of variable size
  • Silver, white, or tan in color
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14
Q

Telangectasia

A
  • fine, irregular red lines from capillary dilation
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15
Q

Keloid

A
  • Enlarging scar

- Grows beyond a wound

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16
Q

Fissure

A
  • crack or break in the epidermis or dermis
17
Q

Erosion

A
  • Loss of part of the epidermis following a rupture of vesicle or bulla
18
Q

Ulcer

A
  • Loss of epidermis or dermis
19
Q

Atrophy

A
  • Thinning of the skin surface
20
Q

Transillumination of skin

A
  • Used to determine the presence of fluid in masses and cysts
  • Use a darkened room
  • If fluid filled, will turn red
21
Q

Wood’s lamp

A
  • Can be used to evaluate epidermal, hypopigmented or hyperpigmented lesions, and to determine fluorescing lesions
22
Q

Lesion

A
  • Any pathologic skin change
  • Primary: those that occur as initial spontaneous manifestations of a pathological process
  • Secondary: Those that result from later evolution of or external trauma to a primary lesions
23
Q

Primary Lesions

A
  • Macule
  • Papule
  • Vesicle
  • Pustule
  • Patch
  • Plaque
  • Bulla
  • Cyst
  • Wheal
  • Purpura
24
Q

Secondary Lesions

A
  • Excoriation
  • Crust
  • Lichenification
  • Scales
  • Erosion
  • Ulcer
  • Fissure
25
Q

Pedunculated

A
  • a lesion having a stalk at the base
26
Q

Sessile

A
  • A lesion without a stalk
27
Q

Annular

A
  • Lesions with central clearing
28
Q

Reticulated

A
  • Lesions with lacy or networked pattern
29
Q

Hair

A
  • Vellus hair: fine hair covering body
  • Terminal hair: scalp, pubic, and axillary areas, on arms and legs, and in the beard
  • Hirsutism: growth of terminal hair in a male distribution on a female
30
Q

Acne Vulgaris: 3 types

A
  • Comedonal: open = blackhead, closed = whitehead
  • Inflammatory: usually pustules and papules
  • Nodular/cystic: scarring
31
Q

Acne Grading Scale

A
  • 0: None
  • 1: Few comedones
  • 2: Mild comedones, few papules, minimal erythema
  • 3: comedones, papules, pustules, erythema
  • 4: moderate comedones, greater number of papules and pustules extending to chest, shoulders and back; increasing erythema
  • 5: Comedones, increasing number of papules, pustules, nodules with erythema
  • 6: all of the above with scarring and possible hyperpigmentation
32
Q

Acne: Patho

A
  • Androgen stimulation
  • Plugging of pilosebaceous follicles
  • Swelling of follicular ducts
  • Gram positive anaerobic bacteria causing inflammation and papules and pustules
33
Q

Acne: Presentation

A
  • Duration
  • Past treatments and how long
  • Menstrual history
  • Contraceptive methods
  • Family Hx
  • Allergies
  • Seasonal and hormonal factors
  • Cosmetics
  • Hair styling products
  • Headbands, hats, helmets, tight bras, chin straps
  • Diet: high carbs and dairy
  • Drugs: androgens, lithium, topical/oral steroids, isoniazid, phenobarbital)
34
Q

Acne: Management

A
  • Limit face washing and avoid harsh/abrasive cleaners
  • Cosmetics and emollients should be limited to those with non-comedogenic, non-irritating, hypoallergenic products
  • Daily moisturizers with sun protection factors may alleviate dryness and prevent phototoxicity
  • Patients w/dry or sensitive skin may benefit from the extra emollients found in a cream vehicles
  • Gels are preferred for patients with oily skin, b/c they are more drying and reduce shine
  • Non-Rx products may be used as primary or adjunctive Tx
  • Benzoyl peroxide (1-10%) monotherapy and salicylic acid (2%) used BID are good starting point w/mild acne
35
Q

Acne: Retinoids (Names)

A
  • Tretinoin (Retin-A)
  • Adalpalene (Differin)
  • Tazarotene (Tazorac)
  • Azelaic acid (Azelex) 20% cream
36
Q

Retinoids: Basics

A
  • Keratolytics that prevent development of the comedones and are a reasonable first line med for all varieties of acne
  • Most patients will remain on topical retinoids throughout the treatment
  • Retinoids demonstrate well-documented anti-inflammatory properties

N827 (19 decks)

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