Pediatric Renal

Question 1

Hematuria definition

Answer 1

presence of >3 RBC’s per high power field in 3 consecutive specimens

Question 2

What can cause a positive blood detection on urine dipstick?

Answer 2

Myoglobin

Hb

Question 3

Drugs that can turn the urine red

Answer 3

Rifampin
Nitrofurantoin
Pyridium
Sulfa Drugs

Question 4

Foods that can turn the urine red

Answer 4

Beets
Rhubarb
Fruit juices

Question 5

If a newborn presents with a brick red color urine in the diaper, what could it be that would be normal?

Answer 5

Uric acid crystals

Bilirubin

Question 6

Causes of gross hematuria

Answer 6

UTI
Trauma
Bleeding disorders
Renal stones
Cystitis

Question 7

5 y/o child presents with periorbital edema and gross hematuria. What do you suspect in the history?

Answer 7

Recent Strep infection (APGN)

Question 8

Post-strep GN findings

Answer 8

Hematuria
HTN
Edema
Low C3 levels

Question 9

3 primary HSP symptoms

Answer 9

1. abd pain
2. Palpable purpura
3. Joint Pain

Question 10

What finding in HSP can be prognostic of long term renal damage?

Answer 10

Proteinuria in addition to the hematuria

Question 11

What can be expected in a patient with asymptomatic isolated hematuria?

Answer 11

Thin basement membrane disorder (congenital)

Question 12

What is the urine Ca:Creatinine ratio that is indicative of excess Calcium excretion?

Answer 12

0.2

Question 13

Signs of UTI in children

Answer 13

Strong smelling urine
Dark urine
Fever
Stomach pain
Frequency 
Dysuria

Question 14

If a child is potty trained, what type of urine collection should be used?

Answer 14

Clean-catch method

Question 15

If a child is not potty trained, how can you collect a urine sample?

Answer 15

1. Catheter
2. Subrapubic Aspiration
3. Bag urine sample (not used for culture)

Question 16

Criteria for diagnosis of a UTI

Answer 16

50,000 colonies/ml of a single specimen

Question 17

Detection of what on urine dipstick is indicative of WBC presence, aka an infection?

Answer 17

Leukocyte esterase

Question 18

Treatment of UTI in children who can tolerate oral Abx

Answer 18

Cephalosporin or Fluoroquinolones

Question 19

Treatment of UTI in children who cannot tolerate oral Abx

Answer 19

Ceftriaxone

Question 20

When do you order a renal bladder U/S for a child with UTI?

Answer 20

Males- 1st infection

Females- 2nd infection

Question 21

What grade of VUR is a nephrology consult necessary?

Answer 21

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