Pediatric Reflexes & Milestones

Question 1

Rooting Reflex is stimulated by what? What is the response? Implications?

Answer 1

Stimulated by touch or cheek brush;
Response=head turns towards stimulus
Implications=sensory screen, elicits active movement

Question 2

Palmer Reflex is stimulated by what? Response? Implications?

Answer 2

Stimulated by press in palm;
Response is fingers flex around and grasp
Implications=asymmetry may indicate insult
gone by 3 months

Question 3

Plantar Reflex is stimulated by what? Response? Implications?

Answer 3

Press sole of foot
Response=toes flex
Implications=Asymmetry may indicate insult
gone by 8 months

Question 4

Placing Reflex; stimulation, response, implications

Answer 4

Brush dorsal of foot/hand on surface
response=lift limb to place it on surface
Implic=asymmetry may indicate insult/protection issue

Question 5

Automatic stepping stimulation; response; implications

Answer 5

Hold child upright & incline forward
response=reciprocal stepping
Implic=may indicate insult

Question 6

ATNR stimulation; response; implications

Answer 6

Supine, have child look to 1 side
response=arm/leg on side child looking to extend while other arm flexes (fencing response)
Implication=interferes with crawling
gone by 6 months

Question 7

STNR stimulation; response; implications

Answer 7

quadruped, child flexes head
response=neck flexes & UE flexes while LE extension
(arms do what neck does)
implications=interferes with anti gravity control/rolling

Question 8

Crossed extension stimulation; response; implications

Answer 8

Supine, legs extended, stimulate 1 leg
response=opposite leg flexes/adducts & extends to “push” stimulus away
Implications=asym may indicate insult

Question 9

Flexor withdrawal stimulation; response; implications

Answer 9

Supine, legs extended & stimulate 1 side
response=leg stimulated flexes away form input
Implic=indicate insult, protective issue

Question 10

If baby is sitting and vertical tilted what righting reaction will be used?

Answer 10

Head will orient to vertical (if not could be issue with head control)

Question 11

Protective Reflexes development (5 of them)

Answer 11

Fwd–>sideways–>backwards
LE downward (4 months)
UE downward (6 months)
UE sideways (8 months)
UE backwards (10 months)
Protective staggering (15-18 months)

Question 12

How do babies normally grow?

Answer 12

top to bottom & center out (large muscles before smaller/fine motor ones)

Question 13

You “drop” a babies head backwards (cervical extension), what reflex is used and when does this disappear by?

Answer 13

Moro reflex
Response=abduc & ext of arms
may interfere with upright posture
birth-6 months

Question 14

Physiologic “flexor tone” is what?

Answer 14

Normal response (fetal position) as child is used to being like that in utero

Question 15

Primitive reflexes disappear by what age range?

Answer 15

4-6 months

Question 16

Explain dynamic systems theory? (3 things)

Answer 16

Combo of organism, task, environment

Question 17

Gross motor skills of 15-18 month old

Answer 17

Walks by themselves, squat down, crawl up stairs

Question 18

Gross motor skills of 19-24 month old

Answer 18

Run a bit, throws ball overhead, kicks ball, jump in place, walk up stairs w/o support, and down w/ support

Question 19

Gross motor skills of 25-30 months

Answer 19

Walks like adult, walks up stairs w/ alt feet, catches ball against chest

Question 20

Norm referenced vs criterion referenced

Answer 20

Norm=referencing it to norm values that are established (related to child’s age)
Criterion=useful when child has Dx (already know they are delayed) (can’t compare them with normal developed kids)

Question 21

if a child is 2 standard deviations away from the mean are they considered normal?

Answer 21

No commonly delayed development 2+ SD away

Question 22

Alberta Infant Motor Scale (AIMS) purpose & age & norm/criterion

Answer 22

birth-18 months
ID changes across time, ID delays in motor development (NOT USED for children already with Dx)
NORM referenced

Question 23

Peabody Developmental Motor scale purpose & age range & norm/criterion

Answer 23

Birth-5 years old
assessment of gross & fine motor development
(ID kids that are delayed)
Both criterion & norm

Question 24

Bayleys scale of infant & toddler development purpose & age range & norm/criterion

Answer 24

6 days-42 months
Determine developmental delays in young children

Question 25

Gross Motor Function Measure (GMFM)

Answer 25

Measure changes in gross motor function over time in children WITH CP
Used with CP (5 months-16 y/o)

Question 26

Ideation apraxia is what?

Answer 26

A child is unable to plan motor movements related to interactions with objects

Question 27

A 4 month old baby cannot hold their head up without support yet, is this normal?

Answer 27

No they should be able to by 4 months.

Question 28

What are 2 common things associated with majority of Intellectual and motor disorders (aka individuals with developmental disabilities (IDD)?

Answer 28

Hypotonia & cognitive delays
hypotonia–>lax ligaments, motor delays, clumsy
Cognitive–>low arousal & motivation, poor executive function

Question 29

Down syndrome common features and prognosis?

Answer 29

Atlantio-axial instability!! (no rough/tumble play until ruled in/out), visiual/hearing impairment’s, shorter limbs, obesity, heart disease
Prognosis?–>fair-good

Question 30

Rett Syndrome features & prognosis?

Answer 30

NO VERBAL language,
they stop developing
rubbing of hands=VERY common
Prognosis–>poor

Question 31

Prader-Willi syndrome features & prognosis?

Answer 31

Feeding issues b/c pituitary dysfunction
poor bone density, no hunger suppression=obesity

Question 32

When would we implement orthotics in children?

Answer 32

Typically 3-8 y/o when mid foot: hindfoot: ratio is stable
or if kids get tired on their feet (from feet muscles working so hard)