Pediatric PK/PD- Absorption

Question 1

Most common route for drug delivery

Answer 1

PO

Question 2

Children will reject medications based on what?

Answer 2

Color, taste, texture, temperature

Question 3

Taste at birth

Answer 3

Detect sweetness

Question 4

Taste at 2 years

Answer 4

Can detect bitter/salty/sour

Question 5

Taste at 1-2 years

Answer 5

Can detect texture and temperature

Question 6

Smell at 5-7 years old

Answer 6

Have an effective response to different odors

Question 7

Preterm infants and full-term neonates have the highest ______.

Answer 7

gastric pH

Question 8

What happens to the amount of acid in the stomach as a child grows?

Answer 8

More acid is produced

Question 9

More acid production results in what?

Answer 9

Destruction of acid-labile compounds in the stomach

Question 10

Pediatric absorption effect on drug stability (beta-lactams and macrolides)

Answer 10

They are acid-labile, so they will experience less degradation in the stomach with a higher pH

Question 11

Pediatric absorption: neonates and PCN

Answer 11

Neonates will experience 5-6x higher concentrations of PCN compared to infants and older children

Question 12

Gastric emptying rate _____ during ______

Answer 12

The rate increases during the first week of life

Question 13

Effect of increased gastric emptying rates

Answer 13

Increases drug delivery to the site of absorption

Question 14

_____ and ______ are _____ in newborns and young infants

Answer 14

Frequency and amplitude are reduced in newborns and young infants

Question 15

When do most children attain adult motility patterns?

Answer 15

6-8 momths

Question 16

Overall effect of reduced gastric emptying and poorly coordinated intestinal contractility

Answer 16

Decreased RATE (Tmax) of drug absorption –> longer time to achieve maximum drug absorption

NOT THE EXTENT!!

Question 17

Rectal absorption has _____-amplitude pulsatile contractions

Answer 17

higher

Question 18

Effect of rectal absorption

Answer 18

May decrease time drug is able to be absorbed –> decreased bioavailability

Question 19

Percutaneous drug absorption in kids: SA/unit mass

Answer 19

Larger SA/unit mass

Question 20

Percutaneous absorption: hydration of skin

Answer 20

Greater degree of hydration

Question 21

Percutaneous absorption: rate

Answer 21

Higher perfusion rates

Question 22

Percutaneous absorption: drug permeability

Answer 22

Enhanced drug permeability

Question 23

Effects of drug absorption via percutaneous route in kids

Answer 23

Infants have a larger SA adjusted/unit of body weight and a thinner stratum cornea –> enhanced drug absorption

Question 24

Percutaneous route and IM routes of administration have _____.

Answer 24

Higher bioavailability

Question 25

IM route of absorption in kids

Answer 25

Kids’ capillary density is increased in young children compared to older kids and adults, so more of the drug will reach the bloodstream