Pediatric PK/PD- Absorption Flashcards
Most common route for drug delivery
PO
Children will reject medications based on what?
Color, taste, texture, temperature
Taste at birth
Detect sweetness
Taste at 2 years
Can detect bitter/salty/sour
Taste at 1-2 years
Can detect texture and temperature
Smell at 5-7 years old
Have an effective response to different odors
Preterm infants and full-term neonates have the highest ______.
gastric pH
What happens to the amount of acid in the stomach as a child grows?
More acid is produced
More acid production results in what?
Destruction of acid-labile compounds in the stomach
Pediatric absorption effect on drug stability (beta-lactams and macrolides)
They are acid-labile, so they will experience less degradation in the stomach with a higher pH
Pediatric absorption: neonates and PCN
Neonates will experience 5-6x higher concentrations of PCN compared to infants and older children
Gastric emptying rate _____ during ______
The rate increases during the first week of life
Effect of increased gastric emptying rates
Increases drug delivery to the site of absorption
_____ and ______ are _____ in newborns and young infants
Frequency and amplitude are reduced in newborns and young infants
When do most children attain adult motility patterns?
6-8 momths
Overall effect of reduced gastric emptying and poorly coordinated intestinal contractility
Decreased RATE (Tmax) of drug absorption –> longer time to achieve maximum drug absorption
NOT THE EXTENT!!
Rectal absorption has _____-amplitude pulsatile contractions
higher
Effect of rectal absorption
May decrease time drug is able to be absorbed –> decreased bioavailability
Percutaneous drug absorption in kids: SA/unit mass
Larger SA/unit mass
Percutaneous absorption: hydration of skin
Greater degree of hydration
Percutaneous absorption: rate
Higher perfusion rates
Percutaneous absorption: drug permeability
Enhanced drug permeability
Effects of drug absorption via percutaneous route in kids
Infants have a larger SA adjusted/unit of body weight and a thinner stratum cornea –> enhanced drug absorption
Percutaneous route and IM routes of administration have _____.
Higher bioavailability
IM route of absorption in kids
Kids’ capillary density is increased in young children compared to older kids and adults, so more of the drug will reach the bloodstream
