Growth, Development, Nutrition Flashcards
Neonate age classification
<28 days
Premature neonate
≤37 weeks
Term neonate
37-41 weeks
Post-term neonate
≥42 weeks
Infant classification
> 28 days-12 months
Child classification
1-12 years
Toddler classification
1-4 years
Early school age classification
5-7 years
Older school age classification
8-12 years
Adolescent age classification
13-17 years
Extremely low birth weight classification
<1000g
Very low birth weight classification
1000-1499g
Low birth weight classification
1500-2499g
Normal birth weight classification
2500-3,999g
High birth weight classification
≥4000g
Markers of physical growth are ____ and _____ specific.
They’re age and sex specific
Markers of physical growth in kids
Weight, length/height, head circumference, weight-for-length, BMI
Growth chart used in children <2
WHO
Growth chart used in children ≥2
CDC
Motor skill development is checked when?
3, 6, 12, 18, 24 months
Gross motor skills
holding head up steady upright, sitting upright on one’s own, beginning to walk
Fine motor skills
grasping toys, transferring objects from hand to hand, grasping with fingers
What else is checked at every well-child visit?
Cognitive function
Weight gain in term infants
Gain 20-30g/day, double birth weight by 4 months, triple birth weight by the end of the 1st year of life bur then slows to 2-3kg/year from ages 2-10
Immediately after birth, there’s a contraction of the ECF. What does this result in?
Weight loss, but it should be regained within the 1-2nd year of life and is expected
Length/height in infants
Increases 50% during the first year of life, then gain 2.5-3.5 inches/year from ages 2-10
Compared to adults, pediatric patients have ______ nutrient needs/kg and ______ reserves
They have greater nutrient needs/kg and less reserves
FTT definition
Inadequate growth or inability to maintain growth in early childhood
FTT etiology
Inadequate caloric intake (most common), inadequate caloric absorption, excessive caloric expenditure
FTT diagnosis
History and PE
FTT treatment in breastfed infants
Breastfeeding more often, lactation support, formula supplementation
FTT treatment in formula-fed infants
concentrated formulas to get more kcal/oz
Other FTT recommendations
Avoid juice or cow milk, add rice cereal to foods
Breastmilk provides how many kcal/oz?
20
Exclusive breastfeeding should occur for how long?
First 6 months of life
Boys EER ages 0-2 months
107 kcal/kg/day
Boys EER age 3 months
95 kcal/kg/day
Boys EER age 4-25 months
82 kcal/kg/day
Girls EER age 0-2 months
104 kcal/kg/day
Girls EER age 3 months
95 kcal/kg/day
Girls EER ages 4-35 months
82 kcal/kg/day
Vitamin-mineral supplementation: vitamin D
400 IU/day, starting in the first few days of life
Vitamin-mineral supplementation: fluoride
0.5mg/day in infants >6 months who are exclusively breastfed
When should children use toothpaste with fluoride?
2 years and older
Vitamin-mineral supplementation: iron in full-term, breastfed infants
1mg/kg/day from 4-12 months
Vitamin-mineral supplementation: iron in preterm, breastfed infants
2mg/kg/day from 1-12 months
Vitamin-mineral supplementation: iron in formula-fed, full term infants
fortified formulas containing Fe 4-12mg/L until 12 months
Vitamin-mineral supplementation: iron in formula-fed, preterm infants
additional 1mg/kg/day to bring total daily dose to 2mg/kg/day
