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PHM 704- Pediatrics > Pediatric Drug Delivery and Dosage Forms > Flashcards

Pediatric Drug Delivery and Dosage Forms Flashcards

1
Q

Challenges in drug delivery for pediatric patients

A

May require manipulation of a dosage form tailored to ability to swallow
May require dosage forms available tailored to a smaller dose
May require alterations in stability if dosage form requires alteration
May NOT be palatable for PO administration
~56% of children ages 6-11 can’t swallow a tablet

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2
Q

Solid dosage forms

A

Tablets, capsules

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3
Q

Manipulating tablets

A

Make sure it’s feasible and see whether or not it alters medication delivery when you split or crush it

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4
Q

Manipulating capsules

A

Must determine the formulation of the capsule and its contents

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5
Q

Liquid dosage forms

A

Solutions/suspensions

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6
Q

Pros of liquid dosage forms

A

Dose flexibility, easy to swallow

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7
Q

Cons of liquid dosage forms

A

lack of controlled release mechanisms, volume required for dose, accuracy in measuring devices

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8
Q

Challenge of liquid dosage forms

A

not all are commercially available, single concentration vs. extemporaneous compounded: various available concentrations → at risk for medication errors

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9
Q

Pro of chewable tablets

A

Minimizes need for additional liquid

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10
Q

Con of chewable tablets

A

relies on ability to chew, can’t utilize with ER meds, may not mask taste, may be difficult to control dosage

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11
Q

Pro of mini tablets

A

eases need for swallowing tablets

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12
Q

Con of mini tablets

A

limited dosage flexibility, maximum mg/tablet –> may need large # of tabs to make the dose

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13
Q

Pro of ODTs

A

allows for quick dissolving without need for additional liquid

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14
Q

Con of ODTs

A

Can’t easily split (limits dose flexibility), challenge with masking taste

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15
Q

Pro of ODFs

A

offer dose flexibility (strip-cutting mechanism)

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16
Q

Con of ODFs

A

Hard to mask taste, higher cost to pack and make

17
Q

Pro of powder packets

A

eliminates need for crushing tablets, ready to use manufactured packets

18
Q

Con of powder packets

A

may require significant volume to mix, not easily titratable

19
Q

Pro of sprinkle capsules/granules

A

ease in administration with food

20
Q

Con of sprinkle capsules/granules

A

limited dose flexibility

21
Q

Primary source of noncompliance

A

Palatability

22
Q

How to get past noncompliance from palatability

A

Preferences of the individual patient taken into consideration
Manipulation can change the taste
FlavoRx
Mix with food/drinks: chocolate syrup, peanut butter, applesauce

23
Q

Considerations when administering meds through a feeding tube

A

What is the site of absorption?
Can the medication contact plastic?
Will the medication clog the tube based on formulation?

24
Q

Most common parenteral adminsitration

A

IV

25
Q

IV administration allows for what?

A

Immediate entry into the bloodstream

26
Q

IM/SQ administration considerations

A

muscle mass/fat mass is a factor, but can utilize in emergency or for single medication administration such as vaccines, limitations to volume allowed based on age

27
Q

Considerations for parenteral formulation use in general

A

Volume
IV access
Compatibility with other meds

28
Q

Other formulation challenges: inhalation

A

devices commonly designed for adults; use of nebulizers can be cumbersome/require patient education

29
Q

Other formulation challenges: nasal

A

commonly designed for adults, difficult to administer based on age

30
Q

Other formulation challenges: rectal

A

limited dosage forms, neonates/infants size restrictions and increased stool count

31
Q

Other formulation challenges: topical

A

consider BSA ratio, potential for systemic absorption

32
Q

Other formulation challenges: transdermal

A

limited dosage forms available for pediatrics, ability to cut/cover, age limitations

33
Q

Benzoyl alcohol risks in peds

A

Neurotoxicity and metabolic acidosis (esp. in neonates)

34
Q

Ethanol risk in peds

A

Neurotoxicity

35
Q

Polysorbate 20, 80 risks in peds

A

Liver and kidney failure; thrombocytopenia, ascites, pulmonary deterioration in neonates

36
Q

Propylene glycol risks in peds

A

Seizures, hyperosmolarity, metabolic acidosis, neurotoxicity

37
Q

Sorbitol risk in peds

A

Osmotic diarrhea

38
Q

Extemporaneous preparations:

A

Powder papers
Injectable medications administered enterally
Compounding PO suspensions with products like bulk powders, tablets, powder-filled capsules

39
Q

Beyond Use Dating

A

USP <795> for extemporaneous preparations that don’t have available, published literature related to stability

PHM 704- Pediatrics (17 decks)

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