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NP 2- TOP 8 > PEDIATRIC I > Flashcards

PEDIATRIC I Flashcards

1
Q

-Measurable: Inch, Kg, lbs, cm,
-Observable

A

Quantitative: GROWTH

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2
Q

-Observable
-Maturation: Predictable
-behavioral Changes

A

Qualitative: Development

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3
Q

Best indicator of development:

A

Behavioral Changes

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4
Q

Growth and Development Principles:

A

Continuous Process
Predictable Patterns

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5
Q

Embyronic development

A

Start: Conception/Fertilization

         O-Z-M-B-E            

      Ovum+Sperm
                   ↓
   Zygote: 1st human cell
                   ↓
      Morula: 8-16 Cells
Stays 3 days in fallopian tube
                   ↓
Blastocyst: Travel Implantation **Upper posterior portion of uterus
                    ↓
  Embryo: 8 weeks or 2 months
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6
Q

a complete cessation of cardiopulmonary & circulatory system and the entire brain, including the brainstem.

A

Death

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7
Q

Epignetic Factor

A

-Non-modifiable factors
-Genetics
46 chromosomes
23 Pairs: 22- Autosomes; 1- sex chromosomes (xx-F; xy:M)

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8
Q

Mileau/ Environment:

A

Modifiable Factors
-food, air,water,
-Shelter, home

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9
Q

Two types of learning:

A

c)Learning factor
Children= Blank slates/ sheets

Enactive learning: Learning by doing
Vicarious learning: Learning by observing

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10
Q

Ideal time for toilet training:

A

18 months; Readiness

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11
Q

Indication when child achieved Toilet training early:

A

Delayed Child

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12
Q

Readiness for toilet training:

A

Physiological: walk, sit, stand, squat (W-S-S-S)
Psychological: verbalize the need to T.T. & Understand simple instructions
Psychosocial: Not shy & afraid

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13
Q

most important readiness for toilet training:

A

Physiological: walk, sit, stand, squat
(W-S-S-S)

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14
Q

Bowel training: Anal phase

A

18 months -30 months

*Bowel precedes Bladder:

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15
Q

Day time bladder training

A

30 mons- 36 mons

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16
Q

Night time Bladder Training

A

36 months -48 months

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17
Q

What should be resolved before school age that is related to toilet training?

A

-Enuresis: Bed wetting
-Encopresis: Bed pooping

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18
Q

Bed wetting

A

Enuresis

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19
Q

Bed pooping

A

Encopresis:

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20
Q

Discipline during Toilet Training:

A

FIRM & CONSISTENT

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21
Q

Discipline during Toilet Training:

PROBLEM: Strict/rigid parents

A

OCPD

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22
Q

Discipline during Toilet Training:

PROBLEM: Lenient/ laxity

A

Disorganized

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23
Q

NEONATAL REFLEXES MUST DISAPPEAR

A. Feeding Reflexes

A

-Rooting Reflex
-Sucking reflex
-Spitting/ Extrusion reflex
-Swallowing reflex

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24
Q

Feeding reflexes:

When baby’s cheek is stroked
↓
head will turn to side of stimulation
↓
sucking

A

Rooting reflex

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25
Q

Feeding reflexes:

     Touching baby's lips
                     ↓
     creates vacuum with lips
A

Sucking Reflex

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26
Q

Feeding reflexes:

Baby pushes food placed on the anterior tongue.

-Protective hindrance to complementary feeding.

A

Spitting/Extrusion Reflex

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27
Q

-Introduction of solid foods
-Increase iron demand
(physiologic anemia)

A

COMPLEMENTARY FEEDING

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28
Q

Best Time:
Earliest Time:
For complementary Feeding

A

Best time: 6 months
Earliest time: 4 months
Rationale:
increase iron demand (physiologic anemia)

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29
Q

Ideal foods for Complementary Feeding

A

1.Cereals, Am (rice water): With Iron

2.Vegetables: soft, mashed
***Avoid: Chunk,Hard vegetables

3.Fruits: One at a time

4.Soft meat: well cooked (fish)
***Avoid: chunky

5.Egg yolk

30
Q

Foods to avoid during Complementary Feeding:

A

-Grapes, Corn, Popcorn, etc.
R: Aspiration
*Skin of fruits has latex content= high allergy

-Egg white
R: Allergy/Allergen

-Honey
R: Botulism/ Poisoning

31
Q

Process of gradual decrease of breastmilk and increase of semi-solid food.

A

Weaning
Best time: 6 months
Earliest: 4 months

32
Q

Best time:
Earliest time:
for Weaning

A

Best time: 6 months
Earliest: 4 months

33
Q

-Indicator of CNS (brain, S.C) function.
-Absent: CNS damage
-Permanent: CNS damage

A

NEUROLOGICAL REFLEXES

34
Q

NEUROLOGICAL REFLEXES

      Falling sensation  (supine w/ head slightly elevated)
                ↓
Elevated/Raise & down
                ↓
   Arms Abduct & extended

***DOESNT HAVE AN AUDITORY STIMULUS

A

MORO REFLEX

***DOESNT HAVE AN AUDITORY STIMULUS

35
Q

NEUROLOGICAL REFLEXES:

Nagulat/ shookt
Loud noise, jarring of crib
↓
Flexion of elbow & hands closed
(adduction)

***THERE IS AN AUDITORY STIMULUS

A

Startle Reflex

36
Q

When does Moro/Startle reflex disappear?

A

Disappearance: 4-6 months

Permanent: CNS lesions/scars
Brain cancer

Absent: Brain damage
Cerebral palsy
PKU (phenylketonuria):
Spinal Cord Injury

37
Q

NEUROLOGICAL REFLEXES:

Hand-eye Coordination/Harmonization
-When head turned to side, the corresponding hand and leg extend, while the opposite flexed.
-one side movements of the body that go together with hand-eye harmonization.

A

Tonic-neck/Boxing/ Fencing Reflex

38
Q

When does Tonic-neck disappears?

A

Disappearance: 4 months

Baby can turn to side: 4 months

39
Q

NEUROLOGICAL REFLEXES:

Sole/feet is placed on flat surface
↓
Baby tries to walk (leg prance up & down); as if dancing

A

Dancing/ Stepping Reflex

Absent: would mean sciatic nerve injury

EINC: Right leg: Hepa B inject.
Left leg: Vit. k

40
Q

Disappearance of Dancing/ Stepping Reflex?

A

4 months

41
Q

NEUROLOGICAL REFLEXES:

Touch of palm produces flexion/closure of fingers

A

Darwin/ Palmar Grasp Reflex

Start to assess:
-2 months (Open hand)
-1 month (Fisted hand)

42
Q

Disappearance of Darwin/ Palmar Grasp Reflex?

A

4-5 months

43
Q

NEUROLOGICAL REFLEXES:

Touching the soles
↓
curling of toes

A

Plantar/Grasp Reflex

44
Q

Plantar/Grasp Reflex disappearance:

A

8-10 months

45
Q

NEUROLOGICAL REFLEXES:

Stroke sole with inverted “J”
↓
Fanning of toes

A

Babinski Reflex

46
Q

Disappearance of Babinski Reflex?

A

10-12 months

47
Q

NEUROLOGICAL REFLEXES:

Prone position: run a finger down from shoulder to buttocks
↓
Swinging of pelvis towards stimulated side

***Test for Spinal Cord Injury

A

Galant Reflex

48
Q

Disappearance of Galant Reflex?

A

9-10 months

49
Q

NEUROLOGICAL REFLEXES:

Hold one leg: apply stimulus to center/ball of foot
↓
Other leg will flex, adduct, and extend

**Foot; motor coordination

A

Crossed Extension Reflex

50
Q

Disappearance of Crossed Extension Reflex?

A

12 months

51
Q

NEUROLOGICAL REFLEXES:

Hold child in ventral suspension (prone)
↓
sudden lowering (falling sensation)
↓
opening/ extension of arms

A

Parachute reflex

52
Q

disappearance of parachute reflex?

A

18 months

53
Q

NEUROLOGICAL REFLEXES:

Horizontal suspension with head, legs, spine extended (convex arc)
↓
head, hip, kness, elbows flexed

A

Landau Reflex aka Superman Reflex

54
Q

Disappearance of landau reflex?

A

2 years old

55
Q

what is the most important neuro relfex?

A

MORO/STARTLE REFLEX!!!
-Baby can’t proceed to sitting if moro reflex is still present

Moro/ startle (6months)
-Sit with support
-High chair

56
Q

PERMANENT/ PROTECTIVE REFLEXES

Prevents aspiration
Elicit: touch uvula (posterior position)

A

Gag reflex

57
Q

PERMANENT/ PROTECTIVE REFLEXES

Helps to protect contracting Pneumonia

A

Coughing & Sneexing

58
Q

PERMANENT/ PROTECTIVE REFLEXES

Prevents Hypoxia

A

Yawning

59
Q

PERMANENT/ PROTECTIVE REFLEXES

-Controlled CNS (Trigimenal)
-Prevents inflammation of cornea: “Keratitis”

A

Blinking

60
Q

First 12 weeks pus in BCG what should you/mother do?

A

do not report; MOTHER SHOULD WIPE

61
Q

Vitamin K is also known as?

A

Aquamephyton: Antidote of warfarin

62
Q

90 mins- 6 hour: Before Separation newborn to mother make sure you put on what?

A

ID band
-Hospital number
-Complete mother’s name
-Date & time of birth

63
Q

newborns are obligatory _____ breathers?

A

Nose

64
Q

Manner of suctioning in newborn?

A

MouSe (Mouth then Nose)

65
Q

All fontanels will close at what Mnth/time:

A

18 months

66
Q

B9 Sources:

A

B9/folic acid: 400mcg/day
B9: Green leafy vegetables
B12: meat

67
Q

This medication’s Side effect is s/e loss of extremities during pregnancy to newborn:

A

Thalidomide/Anti-emetic

68
Q

S/SX OF LITHIUM TOXICITY

A

V-A-N-D-A

69
Q

Autosomal Recessive Newborn screening Disorder

A

G6PD, O, Galactosemia:

70
Q

Not Autosomal recessive

A

Congenital hypothyroidism

71
Q

:Sep-Anx

A

-Temper tantrums
-Give security object
-give promise
-1 firm goodbye

NP 2- TOP 8 (12 decks)

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