MATERNAL NUTRITION DURING PREGNANCY

Question 1

Weight gain for singleton pregnancy

Average (BMI 18.5-24.9)
Under weight (BMI <18.5)
Overweight (BMI 25.0-29.9)
Obese (BMI >29.9)

Answer 1

Total weight gain:

Average : 25-35 lbs
Under weight : 28-40 lbs
Overweight: 15-25 lbs
Obese: <15 lbs

Question 2

Weight gain per trsimester (Singleton pregnancy)

Answer 2

1st trimester: 1lb/ month
2nd trimester: 1lb/ week
3rd trimester: 1lb/ week

Question 3

Calories gain (singleton pregnancy)

Answer 3

Non-pregnant: 2,200/day
Pregnant:
1st trimester: 2,200/ day
**No increase in calories yet in 1st trimester.
2nd & 3rd trimester: +300 = 2,500/day
Lactating: +500 = 2,700/ day

Question 4

Multiple Gestation weight gain
Weight gain for 1st 5 months:

Answer 4

Weight gain for 1st 5 months:
Twins: 1 lb/wk
Triplets: 1 1/2 lbs/wk
Quadruplet: 2 lb/wk

Question 5

Multiple Gestation weight gain
Weight gain after 5 months

Answer 5

Twins: 2 lb/wk
Triplets: 2 1/2 lbs/wk
Quadruplet: 3 lb/wk

Question 6

Multiple Gestation weight gain
Total weight gain

Answer 6

Twins: 40-50 lb/wk
Triplets: 50-60 lbs/wk
Quadruplet: 65-80 lb/wk

Question 7

Multiple Gestation weight gain
Calories per day

Answer 7

Twins: 3,500
Triplets: 4,000
Quadruplet: 4,500

Question 8

Multiple Gestation weight gain
Average length of pregnancy

Answer 8

Twins: 36 wks
Triplets: 32 wks
Quadruplet: 30 wks

Question 9

Protein

Answer 9

-To support the embryonic fetal growth & development
-prevents pre-eclampsia
-60 g/day

Question 10

Carbohydrates

Answer 10

-For energy
-175g/day

Question 11

Iron

Answer 11

↑RBC Formation

Non-pregnancy: 15-18 mg/day
Pregnant: 27-30mg/day
Twins: 60-100 mg/day

**Caffeinated ↓ Iron absorption

Question 12

Vitamin c

Answer 12

80-100 mg/day

Question 13

Folate

Answer 13

-For cell division
-RBC synthesis
-prevent neural tube defects
-400mcg/day (No Hx of NTD)
-4mg/day (w/ history: 1 month prior of preg)
-until last day of 1st tri: Organogenesis

Question 14

Zinc

Answer 14

-For normal growth & development
-DNA synthesis & immune function
-11-12mg/day

Question 15

Fat

Answer 15

-Tissue formation/ Neuron system/ Eyes
-Omega 6 & 3
-Daily quota of 90g/day

Question 16

Sodium

Answer 16

-1.5-2.3 g/day (Moderate consumption)

Question 17

Calcium

Answer 17

-Fetal teeth & bones
-Non-pregnancy: 800mg/day
-Pregnancy: +400= 1,000-1,200 mg/day
-18 y.o. = 1,300 mg/day

> 2,500 mg/day= kidney stones

***Calcium 4 glasses of milk

Question 18

Phosphorus

Answer 18

1,200 mg/day

Question 19

Iodine

Answer 19

Non-pregnancy: 150 mcg/day
Pregnancy: +25 = 175 mcg/day
Lactating: 200 mcg/day

Question 20

Vitamin A

Answer 20

2,500 IU/day
Teratogenic: >10,000/day

Question 21

Vitamin D

Answer 21

400-800 IU/day with sun exposure

Question 22

Fluids

Answer 22

3L/ day

Question 23

Craving for Inedible Food

Answer 23

PICA

Question 24

↓Calcium + ↑Phosphorus

Answer 24

Leg cramps
***Ca+ & Phosphorus Imbalance

Question 25

↓Fat = ↓Ca+

Answer 25

↓Fat would mean ↓Ca+ absorption so take Fat soluble vitamins A,D,E,K