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NP 2- TOP 8 > MATERNAL II: Madz Chokee > Flashcards

MATERNAL II: Madz Chokee Flashcards

1
Q

Cyclic Uterine Bleeding

A

-Endometrium
-Average days of Menstrual Cycle: 28 days
-Menstrual Period: 4-7 days (Average: 5-6 days)
-Blood loss Menstrual Cycle: 5-80 ml (averge 50-60 ml; 1/4 cup)

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2
Q

Blood loss >80ml for more than 7 days, changing napkins every <2 hours.

A

Abnormal/ Menorrhagia

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3
Q

Average days of Menstrual Cycle:

A

28 days

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4
Q

Menstrual Period

A

4-7 days (Average: 5-6 days)

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5
Q

Blood loss Menstrual Cycle:

A

5-80 ml (averge 50-60 ml; 1/4 cup)

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6
Q

Body parts involved:

A

-Uterus
-Hypothalamus → GnRH
-Anterior Pituitary Gland
:FSH-Maturation of Ovum cortex of
ovary.
-Contains The follicles

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7
Q

HORMONE RESPONSIBLE FOR:

A) Primoridal Primary (Immature ovum)
↓
Graafian Follicle (Mature Ovum)

B) Stimulates ovary to produce estrogen

A

FSH

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8
Q

-Hormone for Ovulation
-stimulates ovary to produce progesterone

A

LH

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9
Q

For Irreg Cycles how to determine ovulation day?

A
  • chart the longest and shortest cycles for 6-8 consecutive months
  • Shortest cycle subtract 18 days
  • longest cycle subtract 11 days
  • Result= Fertile days
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10
Q

-Development of secondary sexual characteristics
-B-B-B-B-B
-Babae
-Balakang: Wide hips (1st)
-Boobs: Thelarche
-Buhok: Axillary hair: Adrenarche
-Bleeding: 1st menstruation: Menarche
-Bulbol: Pubic Hair: Adrenarche
-Inhibita FSH
-Ductile Structure of breast
-Growth of long bones (12 y.o.); closure of epiphysis of long bones (16-18 y.o.)
-↑ sexual desires
-↑ vaginal lubrication
-fertile cervical mucus

A

Estrogen

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11
Q

Characteristics OF CERVICAL MUCUS

A

-thin
-watery
-clear
-alkaline
-slippery
-abundant
- (+) Sphinbarkeit: Stretchy

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12
Q

1st Enlargement of the breast

A

Thelarche

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13
Q

1st Axillary hair & 1st Pubic hair

A

Adrenarche

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14
Q

1st Menstrual Cycle

A

Menarche

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15
Q

good to know

A

Ovulation day occurs day before the next cycle

Subtract -14= Ovulation
Subtract -5= Fertile

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16
Q

Hormone responsible for theIrregularities in Menstrual cycle

A

FSH

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17
Q

GTK

A

FSH → ↑ ESTROGEN → X FSH
LH → ↑ PROGESTERONE → X LH

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18
Q

Primary Menarche

A

menstruation not occurs ↑ 17 y.o.

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19
Q

-No sex if cervical mucuous is wet & elastic until 4 days after last day of wet mucus
-Last day + 4 days = Yes to sex!

A

Billings/ Cervical Mucus

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20
Q

-Hormone for pregnancy
-Prepares endometrium for implantation
-Thermogenic action (↑ BBT)
-During ovulation
↑BBT (.3-.6 C)/ (.5 -1 F)
After ovulation
↑BBT
-Mood swings (after ovulation)
-Inhibits LH
-↓ GIT motility
-Mammary gland: Lactation
-Infertile cervical mucus

A

PROGESTERONE

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21
Q

Characteristics of Infertile cervical mucus

A

Thick, sticky, scanty, dry, dense, opaque, (-) spinhbarkeit (non-stretchy)

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22
Q

Abstain from coitus/sex during temperature rise + additional 3-4 days

A

BBT

***To check; you must have sleep for at least 4 hours

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23
Q

Combination of Billings + BBT

A

Sympathothermal

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24
Q

UTERINE CYCLE
M-P-S-I

A

MENSTRUAL PHASE
↓E ↓P
Endometrium: Bleeding 1-6 days

PROLIFERATIVE PHASE
aka estrogenic/ post-menstrual/ pre-ovulation
↑E ↓P
Endometrium: Thickening 7-14 days

SECRETORY PHASE
aka Progestational/ post-ovulation/ pre-menstrual
↑P ↓E
Endometrium: Twisted, Spongy, Tortuous 15-26 days

ISCHEMIC PHASE
↓E ↓P
Endometrium: Vasoconstriction 27-28 days

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25
Q

S/sx of Ovulation

A

-↑BBT (↑P)
-Mittelschmerz: Pain during ovulation
-(+) Spinnbarkeit (↑E)

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26
Q

union of ovum + sperm
X1: female, acid resistant, slow, long-lived
Y1: Male, dies in acid, fast short-lived
22 autosomes + 22 autosomes
1 sex chromosomes + 1 S.C.
=46 Diploid Chromosomes
↓
ZYGOTE

A

Fertilization/ Conception

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27
Q

False Negative Pregnancy test

A

-Prior to checking for HCG in urine: Limit Fluid Intake
-↑ concentrated HCG
-1st urine (1st voided)/ 1st stream urine
=HCG is probable sx

**If you have proteinuria: false (-) negative
**if using pills: false (+) positive of HCG in
urine
-No oral contraception for 5 days

28
Q

Important presumptive sign in pregnancy

A

Amenorrhea

29
Q

Triploid Karyotype = 69
(Dispermy)

A

Partial H-Mole

30
Q

Androgenesis duplication of paternal set of chromosomes : 46 diploid
Risk:
-40 y.o.
-PCOS
-↑Cancer

A

Complete H-mole

31
Q

-2 Ovas fertilized by 2 different sperms
-Different features
-2 placenta, BOW, Fetuses

A

fraternal twins/ dizygotic twins

32
Q

-1 zygote split into 2
-same sex

A

Identical twins/ Monozygotic

Types of Identical Twins:
*Dichorionis- 2 chorions→ 2 placenta
*Diamnionic- 2 amions → 2 bow

Splitting: 1st 3 days after fertilization

33
Q

Identical twins that has:
2 amions → 2 bow

A

Diamnionic

34
Q

Identical twins that has:
2 chorions→ 2 placenta

A

Dichorionic

35
Q

1 placenta; 2 BOW
splitting: 4-7th day after fertilization

A

Monochorionic, Diamnionic

36
Q

1 placenta, 1 BOW
Splitting: 8-13 th day

A

Monochorionic, monoamnionic

37
Q

cleavage is incomplete
Splitting: >13 days

A

Conjoined Twins

38
Q

Complications of multifetal pregnancies

A
  1. MATERNAL ANEMIA ↑IRON
  2. PRE-ECLAMPSIA
  3. PRE-TERM LABOR DUE TO OVERDISTENTION OF UTERUS
    4.MALPRESENTATION
    ↓
  4. DYSTOCIA: difficult, painful, prolonged labor
  5. POST-PARTAL HEMORRHAGE
39
Q

Site of implantation/ Nidation

A

-Fundus: uppermost portion of uterus

40
Q

Signs of implantation

A

-Slight pain
-Vaginal Spotting

41
Q

2 embryonic membranes

A

A.) Amion: Inner facing the fetus ; thin

B.) Chorion: Outer facing the uterus; thick
2 layers :
*Cytotrophblastic: Langham layer- To protect fetus against toxoplasmosis & syphilis on the 1st 16-18 weeks of pregnancy.
* Synctiotrophoblast: Production of HCG
: Nutrition

42
Q

Most common identical twins

A

Dichorionic Diamnionic

43
Q

Iron needs:

A

Non-Pregnancy: 15-18mg/ day
Pregnancy (1): 27-30 mg/ day
Twins: 60-100 mg/day

44
Q

The average length of pregnancy for twins

A

Twins: 36 weeks
Triplets: 32 weeks
Quad: 30 weeks

45
Q

Babies delivered 1 month early

A

<2,500 grams :LBW

46
Q

Babies delivered 2 months early

A

<1,500 grams: VLBW

47
Q

How much does a woman can carry?

A

5 kilos

48
Q

GTK

A

we cannot dx placenta previa <5 months or <20 weeks
-Too early to be identified to transport to fundus

49
Q

GTK

A

Threatened Aborton
-painless
-<16 weeks

50
Q

GTK

A

Dx of pregnancy
Through Ultrasound
<6 weeks

51
Q

Vaccine not allowed to pregnant woman

A

Live attenuated Vaccine
e.g., Sputnik Covid Vaxx (The rest of covid vaxx can be administered)
ADVERSE REACTION: Can cause VSD (Ventricular Septal Defect)

52
Q

INFECTIONS THAT CAN CROSS PLACENTA

A

T-O-R-C-H

-Toxoplasmosis: 3rd trimester
Other Infx:
*-Syphilis: 2nd trimester
*-Parvovirus B19
*-Varicella Zoster Virus
*-Listeria
-Rubella
-Cytomegalovirus
-Herpes Simplex Virus-2 (HSV-2)

**Vertically Transmitted via placenta, blood, body fluids, breastmilk
**BACTERIA DOESNT CROSS PLACENTA
***3rd trimester: Toxoplasmosis
2nd trimester: Syphilis
1st trimester: The rest of R-C-H

53
Q

TERATOGENS:
Damage to 8th cranial nerve leading to poor hearing & deafness

A

Streptomycin/Quinine

54
Q

TERATOGENS:
Staining of both enamel & inhibit growth of long bones

A

Tetracycline

55
Q

TERATOGENS:
Leads to hemolysis & hyperbilirubenia

A

Vitamin K

56
Q

TERATOGENS:
Enlargement of thyroid glands or goiter

A

Iodides

57
Q

TERATOGENS:
Can cause Amelia (Abscence of limbs)
Phocomelia (absence of distal extremities)

A

Thalidomides

58
Q

TERATOGENS:
can cause cleft lip & cleft palate & abortion

A

Steroids

59
Q

TERATOGENS:
Congenital malformation right heart defects (Ebstein Anomaly)

A

Lithium/ BENZODIAZIPINES

60
Q

TERATOGENS:
Can cause IUGR, Fetal hydantoin syndrome microcephaly, heart defects, nail hypoplasia

A

Dilantin/Phenytoin (Anti-convulsant)

61
Q

TERATOGENS:
Can cause LBW, Fetal alcohol withdrawal syndrome characterized by microcephaly

A

Alcohol

62
Q

TERATOGENS:
LBW, Abruptio, previa, ectopic,

A

Smoking

63
Q

TERATOGENS:
LBW

A

CAFFEINE

64
Q

TERATOGENS:
LBW & Abruptio placenta (occurs 5th month: 3rd trimester
Abortion:1st trimester (<20 weeks)

A

Cocaine

65
Q

Antibiotic for Syphilis

A

Pen-G (1st antibiotic)
Erythromycin (2nd) if allergy to pen G

66
Q

DOC for toxoplasmosis

A

Sulfadiazine

NP 2- TOP 8 (12 decks)

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