Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Clinical Specialties - Pediatrics > Pediatric EENT > Flashcards

Pediatric EENT Flashcards

1
Q

In strabismus, what is the suffix for eye misalignment that is always present?

A

-tropia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

In strabismus, what is the suffix for eye misalignment that is intermittent, such as when binocular fixation is interrupted?

A

-phoria

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

A strabismus that is deviated outward is _______?

A

-Exo

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

A strabismus that is deviated inward is an ____________?

A

-Eso

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

a strabismus that is deviated down or up is __________?

A

-hypo or -hyper

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

ophthalmia neonatorum is what?

A

inflammation in the eye of the neonate

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

when does ophthalmalogic neisseria gonorrhoeae usually present?

A

typically within 2-5 days of age

with swelling of lids and conjunctivae

copious purulent discharge

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

what type of conjunctivitis is rare in the neonate, but can be vision-threatening if untreated?

A

viral conjunctivitis with HSV

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

what is the most common cause of tearing in children?

A

nasolacrimal duct obstruction (dacryostenosis)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

what are the risk factors for acute otitis media in an infant?

A

tobacco exposure

use of a pacifier

formula fed

fed lying down

daycare attendance

imcomplete immunizations

younger age

mild hereditary risk

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

why is the color of the TM not particularly diagnostic in pediatric patients?

A

Because they are probably flushed from screaming and turning their TMs red

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What is the most specific finding in diagnosing AOM?

A

moderate to severe bulging of the TM

better yet, impaired motility with pneumatic otoscopy or tympanogram

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What are the most common pathogens in AOM in children?

A
  • S. pneumoniae: 35-50% (50% resistance to PCN)
  • Non-typeable H influenza: 30-40% (40%+ β lactamase)
  • Moraxella catarrhalis: 15% (All β lactamase)
  • S pyogenes: 5%, more common older children
  • Viruses: RSV, parainfluenza, influenza
  • usually starts as a viral URI
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What are the 2013 AAP Guidelines on Treating AOM in children?

A

sever symptoms include: toxic appearing child; persistent otalgia > 48 hours, temperature > 102.2 in last 48 hours or uncertain access to follow-up

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

If you take the approach of watchful waiting, when must you follow up?

A

48-72 hours

up to 1/3 will need abx

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What is first line therapy in AOM in pediatrics?

A

High dose amoxicillin is first line therapy

80-90 mg/kg/day divided into 2 daily doses

Treat with augmention if:

  • purulent conjunctivitis (H Flu)
  • treated with amoxicillin in last 30 days
  • fails treatment with amoxicillin
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

What is the only antibiotic for which IgE mediated testing is available?

A

penecillians and nothing else!

negative skin test 97-99% negative predictive value

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

When does a child need ENT referral for tympanostomy tubes?

A

3 or more episodes of AOM within 6 mos.

OR

4 episodes in the last year with 1 in the last 6 mos.

children younger than 6 mos. may warrant a more aggressive approach

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

what is the most common pediatric infectious disease?

A

viral rhinitis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

what is the average progression of viral rhinitis?

A

Average duration is 7-9 days, but sometimes up to 15 days

fever usually resolves by the 3rd day

symptoms tend to peak on the 3rd day

frequently cough lasts longer

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

what disorder that is common in adults is not common in children?

A

sinusitis

sinuses not completely developed until 20 years of age

22
Q

what is a PE sign of allergic rhinitis in a child?

A

crease in the bridge of the nose from chronic wiping

does not typically present until 10-12 months at earliest

(3-4 years of age for seasonal)

23
Q

what can be a dangerous drug to give for allergic rhinitis?

A

benadryl - or any 1st gen. antihistamines

24
Q

What do you use to grade size of tonsils?

A

Broadsky Grading Scale or measurement of distance between tonsilar pillars

25
Q

should you do a direct exam to confirm a diagnosis of epligotitis?

A

No, unless you are an airway expert and are ready to intubate the pediatric patient in laryngospasm

26
Q

penlight test findings

A
27
Q

cover-uncover test

A
28
Q

At what age should you refer a child with strabismus to ophthalmology?

A

>4 months

29
Q

what is chemical conjunctivitis?

A

onset of erythema and watery discharge in the first 24 hours of life that is reaction to neonatal eyedrops

-symptoms resolve in days without treatment

30
Q

what’s the treatment for neisseria opthalmicus?

A

ceftriaxone

ophthalmology referral

screen and treat parents

31
Q

what is the presentation of chlamydia ophthalmia?

A

4-19 days of age

mild swelling of the lids and conjuctivae

hyperemia

scant purulent discharge

*can develop pneumonitis

32
Q

what’s the treatment for chlamydia?

A

erythromycin

treat empirically for gonorrhea co-infection

screen and treat parents

33
Q

what is the presentation of HSV ophthalmia?

A

typically unilateral

within 2-4 weeks of life

vesicular lid lesions

*corneal disease can threaten vision

34
Q

what is the treatment for HSV ophthalmia?

A

acyclovir

35
Q

what is the most common cause of tearing in children?

A

dacryostenosis

(nasolacrimal duct obstruction)

20% of newborns

6% of children in 1st year

36
Q

what is the management of dacryostenosis?

A

non-surgical observation

lacrimal sac massage may help

refer to ophtho if not resolved by six months

37
Q

what is the treatment of otorrhea in children with tympanostomy tuves

A

only FDA approved: fluroquinolone drops (cipro and ofloxacin)

38
Q

when should you refer a child for tympanostomy tubes who has otitis media with effusion

A

if no resolution in 3 months

39
Q

what does the diagnosis of sinusitis in a pediatric patient require?

A
  • synptoms present for >10 days without improvement or
  • symptoms worsen with new onset fever or cough or
  • be associated with temperatures >39 C for more than 3 days
40
Q

what’s the presentation of mono?

A

tonsillar exudates

cervical lymphadenopathy (posterior chian)

fever

+/- spleen enlargement

41
Q

what do you have to watch with hand, foot, and mouth?

coxasackievirus

A

hydration status

42
Q

what’s the tell-tale sign of hand, foot and mouth?

A

ulcerations in posterior pharynx surrounded by a halo

43
Q

what’s the presentation of strep throat?

A

fever, sore throat

tender cervical lymphadenopathy

erythematous posterior pharynx

+/- exudate and petechiae

N/V, headache

young children may have nasal congestion

44
Q

what’s the Centor 4 point scale to diagnose strep throat?

A

fever

absence of cough

anterior cervical adenopathy

tonsilar exudates

45
Q

what are two signs of scarlet fever?

A

strawberry tongue

scarlantiform rash on trunk

46
Q

why do we treat strep?

A

prevent abscesses

acute glomerulonephritis

rheumatic fever

and PANDAS

47
Q

what are the Paradise criteria for tonsillectomy?

A

sore throat episodes: temperature >38.3, cervical lymphadenopathy, or tonsillar exudate, positive culture for Group A strep

7 or more episodes in past year

OR

5 or more episodes in the past 2 years

3 or more episodes in the past 3 years

48
Q

what is the treatment for epiglotitis?

A

IV ceftriaxone or cephalosporin

endotracheal intubation - extubation 24-48 hours after reduction in swelling

49
Q

what’s the treatment for severe cases of croup?

A

mild croup is managed with supportive care (fluids, mist)

glucocorticoids (dex 0.6 mg/kg Im improves symptoms)

oral 0.15 mg/kg may be effective for mild/moderate

nebulized racemic epi - ED reduces intubations

O2

50
Q

what is the causative organism of croup?

A

parainfluenza types 1 and 2

1 peaks every other autumn

2 has annual peaks

direct contact, fomites, droplets

51
Q

what’s the epi of croup?

A

6 to 36 months of age biggest group

rare beyond 6 years

52
Q

how do you treat a perforated TM?

A

oflaxacin or cipro drops

Clinical Specialties - Pediatrics (18 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions