Nutrition Flashcards
maternal contraindications to breastfeeding in the US
HIV
TB (active only)
herpes lesions on the nipple
active varicella
drugs of abuse and alcohol abuse
medications (look them up at LactMed)
what is a drug of abuse that allows women to sometimes breastfeed?
methadone
what are infant contraindications to breastfeeding in the US?
galactosemia
tyrosinemia
PKU
urine ouput should be what in the newborn?
number per day = day of life
1st stool in the newborn should occur when?
1st 48 hours
how many stools per day in a breastfed infant?
4-5 mustardy, seedy per day is normal
can stool with every feed
how many kcal per ounce is in typical infant formula?
18-20 kcal/oz
what are the possible causes of lactose intolerance in an infant?
primary is RARE
secondary - after gastroenteritis (rare), celiac disease
when should solid food be initiated?
no earlier than 4-6 months
there is head control and tongue thrust dies down
who should foods be introduced?
one new food every 3-5 days (helps with allergy identification)
when should cow’s milk be introduced?
not before 12 months
whole milk 12-24 months
low fat/skim > 24 months
no bottles (too much milk, not enough food)
what vitamin supplement should be taken for breastfeeding vegan mothers?
B12
1 in ___ US households with children are food insecure?
6
what is anaphylaxis?
acute onset of illness (minutes to hours) with involvement of:
skin and/or mucosa
and either
respiratory compromise or hypotension/end-organ dysfunction
if a person is known to have an allergy and an exposure, then what symptoms might you see in anaphylaxis?
vomiting
abdominal pain
what is the dose for epinephrine in children?
- 15 mg < or equal to 25 kg
- 3 mg > or equal to 25 kg (adult dose)
what is the appropriate disposition in a child with analphylaxis episode?
observation in ED at least 4-8 hours
decision to admit based on:
need for >1 dose epinephrine
IV fluids for hypotension
laryngeal edema
severe asthma
ingestion as trigger
how often does GER occur in infants age 1-6 months?
up to 100x a day!
peaks at 3-4 months
usually resolves by 12 months (95%)
what are the s/sx of pyloric stenosis?
usually appears early, between 3-6 mos
vomiting that becomes projectile and forceful
weight loss
hypertrophied pylorus (olive) can be palpated in some cases
hypochloremia, hypokalemia, metabolic acidosis, dehydration
what is the prevalence of pyloric stenosis?
6-8:1000 births
Males>females
white>other races
most commom surgical disorder in neonates
what is volvulus?
life-threatening condition associated with malrotation and twisting of the intestine
suspect in any child with bilious emesis
if you see intussusception in an child over three years, what do you need to think of asa primary cause?
meckel’s diverticulum
polyp
vascultis from HSP
lymphoma
