Infectious Disease Flashcards
what is the causative organism of measles?
paramyxovirus
when is measles contagious
4 days prior and 4 days after rash onset
8-12 days after initial exposure
What are the three stages of measles?
- incubation - 10-12 days after virus hits respiratory mucosa
- prodrome - 2-4 days - high fever, cough, coryza, conjunctivitis and Koplik’s spots in buccal mucosa
- exanthem - rash begins 2-4 days after fever spreads from forehead down
How do you test for measles?
+IgM
rise in IgG
RNA with PCR
what are the complications of measles?
secondary infections
subacute sclerosing panencephalitis - degenerative CNS disease that occurs 7-10 years after infection
what is the treatment for measles?
supportive care
Vitamin A decreases mortality for children <2
isolate and report to health dept.
what causes the mumps?
a paramyxovirus
What is 5ths disease?
Erythema infectiosum
parvovirus B19
5th’s disease infection in a fetus is associated with what?
fetal hydrops and death
what’s the therapy for pinworm
mebendazole and pyrantel pamoate
what are the signs/sx of Epstein Barr?
Characterized by fever, exudative pharyngitis, cervical or generalized
lymphadenopathy (can be significant tonsillar hypertrophy that can
lead to airway obstruction), fatigue, malaise, splenomegaly, transaminitis,
and exanthema (a diffuse, erythematous, maculopapular rash). Classic
manifestations of infectious mononucleosis are most often seen in older
children and adolescents, whereas in young children the disease often goes
unrecognized
what are two things that can be done to provide care during EBV?
steroids for tonsillar hypertrophy
avoidance of contact sports to protect the spleen
What therapies might one consider with severe flu or in an immunocompromised patient?
Amantadine and rimantadine are effective only against influenza A,
while oseltamivir (Tamiflu) and zanarnivir are effective against both influenza A
and influenza B.
Zanamivir is not approved for patients < 7 years of
age; oseltamivir is not approved for patients < 1 year of age.
MUST be in first 48 hours of symptom onset
In a sickle cell patient, 5ths disease can cause what?
aplastic anemia
What are the symptoms of Rubella?
Characterized in older children by a prodrome of low-grade fever, occipital
lymphadenopathy, sore throat, and coryza followed by a fine,
erythematous maculopapular rash. The rash spreads to the face and
then to the trunk and extremities, becoming generalized by 24 hours
and resolving within 72 hours. A prodrome is not commonly seen in
young children.
