Pediatric Disorders

Question 1

Contrast varus and valgus.

Answer 1

varus: angular deformity with apex away from sagittal midline (cowboy legs)
valgus: angular deformity with the apex towards the sagittal midline

Question 2

Describe metatarsus adductus.

Answer 2

feet are flexible and correct with mental manipulation during exam, deformity likely due to position in utero

observe pointing of metatarsal bones themselves pointing inward (forefoot)

Question 3

Describe how guided growth works to correct bowed or knock knees.

Answer 3

tethering of one end of the growth plate allows unilateral growth, requires and active growth plate, useful in correcting young children before adolescence

Question 4

Describe infantile blount disease.

Answer 4

Blount’s disease is a growth disorder of the tibia (shin bone) that causes the lower leg to angle inward, resembling a bowleg. (Blount disease in adolescent is similar symptoms but different mechanism)

It is also known as “tibia vara”
thought to becaused by variation in weight distribution across the growth plate (early walking, overweight children)

Question 5

Describe 2 pathological causes of bowing.

Answer 5

rickets or bone dysplasia

Question 6

What is thought to be the mechanism of deformity in scoliosis?

Answer 6

growth faster in the anterior portion of the vertebrae than the posterior portion causes a twist/spin of the natural curve of the spine

Question 7

left off

Answer 7

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