MSK Oncology Flashcards
What are the types of cancer that originate from the mesenchymal v. the epithelium?
sarcomas come from mesenchymal
carcinomas originate from the epithelium
*Ewing sarcoma is difficult to distinguish a cell of origin
What is a lipoma?
tumor made up o adipocytes either subcutaneously or subfascially
Where is the most common location of soft tissue sarcomas? How do you treat?
the quad muscle in the anterior thigh, liposarcomas being undifferentiated and fibrosarcomas the most common type
surgery and radiation therapy are the main treatments; can present a danger via metastatic spread
Where is the most common location of soft tissue sarcomas? How do you treat?
the quad muscle in the anterior thigh, liposarcomas being undifferentiated and fibrosarcomas the most common type
surgery and radiation therapy are the main treatments; can present a danger via metastatic spread
Describe the two types of radiographic appearance of bone lesions.
osteoblastic (bone making) ie. breast/ prostate cancer or osteolytic (destroying bone) ie. Ewing’s or MM; this appearance can be used to ascertain the type of tumor
What is a pathologic fracture?
fracture through abnormal bone
Describe two types of benign bone tumors
a unicameral bone cyst is a well circumscribed lytic lesion (often of the humerus of children)
fibrous dysplasia: lytic deformities with pathologic fractures common (quality of bone often improves with age, medical treatment is best, surgery reserved for chronic pain or increasing deformity)
What is a harmatoma?
a hamartoma is a benign, focal malformation that resembles a neoplasm in the tissue of its origin. This is not a malignant tumor
Name the highly aggressive bone malignancy that is often seen in the pediatric population.
osteogenic sarcoma, dx is made when malignant cells are found that directly make osteoid
Name the highly aggressive bone malignancy that is often seen in the pediatric population. What is the treatment?
osteogenic sarcoma (**osteoblastic bone causes a sunburst periosteal reaction) , dx is made when malignant cells are found that directly make osteoid; surgical resection with preoperative and postoperative chemotherapy
______ sarcoma is a relatively rare malignant bone tumor that is usually osteolytic, who is often affected?
Ewing sarcoma- usually seen in children and young adults
What is the treatment approach for Ewing’s sarcoma?
chemotherapy; surgery or radiation therapy (based on where the tumor is and the function preserved with radiation/ reconstructive methods available)
What medical treatment is commonly used with MM?
bisphophonate used to block the osteoclast activity, decreases the incidence of fractures
What medical treatment is commonly used with MM?
bisphophonate used to block the osteoclast activity, decreases the incidence of fractures
Where are most common sites for metastatic bone disease? What is the standard treatment?
vertebrae, pelvis, femurs and humerus; standard treatment is radiation therapy and chemotherapy of the primary tumor (surgery only when tumor is not responsive)
