Pediatric Cardiopulmonary PT

Question 1

T/F, a fetus born during the pseudoglandular period is likely to survive

Answer 1

false, this period covers 6-16 wks and it can’t survive since gas exchange elements not made yet

Question 2

t/f, a fetus born during the end of canalicular period will not be able to survive

Answer 2

false, can survive as lung tissue has become vascularized at this point (16-26 weeks)

Question 3

The heart beats by day ___ and starts circulating blood to the rest of the embryo by day ___

Answer 3

22-23, 27

Question 4

Describe fetal circulation starting from the umbilical vein and ending at the body

Answer 4

Question 5

What are three main changes you expect to see in an infant’s cardiovascular system at birth?

Answer 5

1. foramen ovale closes and becomes a depression called the fossa ovale
2. ductus arteriosus constricts at birth and closes functionally within 24 hours (fibrous ligament is formed in its placed called ligamentum arteriosus
3. Ductus venosus begins to constrict to allow blood flow to the liver (converted into fibrous ligament called ligamentum venosum of the liver)

Question 6

The umiblical vein forms into the ____ ____

Answer 6

round ligament/ligamentum teres

Question 7

____: arterial oxygen saturation is decreased
____: normal oxygen saturation

Answer 7

cyanotic
acyanotic

Question 8

How do acyanotic lesions work?

Answer 8

Left to right shunting-> increase pulmonary blood flow and fully oxygenated blood is shunted back into the lungs as well as into the body
LOW partial pressure of oxygen, LOW system stroke volume and INCREASED work of the heart

Question 9

How do cyanotic lesions work?

Answer 9

Right to left shunting of blood where blood BYPASSES the lungs, and leads to decreased arterial oxygen saturation, this leads to increased blood viscosity and body is at increased risk for CVA

Question 10

What cyanotic lesion is a combination of 4 conditions that requires surgery and results in low oxygen levels in the body?

Answer 10

tetralogy of fallot

Question 11

What conditions make up tetralogy of fallot?

Answer 11

pulmonary stenosis, VSD (ventricular septal defect), thickened right ventricle wall, aorta overrides septal defect

Question 12

T/F transposition of the great arteries is compatible with life if no intervention is taken

Answer 12

false, not compatible and requires immediate surgery

Question 13

What is the most common respiratory disorder in premature infants that is caused by a deficient amount of pulmonary surfactant?

Answer 13

respiratory distress syndrome

Question 14

Which 4 pediatric conditions tend to have secondary cardiopulmonary issues?

Answer 14

Down Syndrome, Fetal Alcohol Syndrome, Spina Bifida, Duchene Muscular Dystrophy

Question 15

T/F, it is okay to use the trendeleburg position in children under 2

Answer 15

false, should never be used because lower esophageal sphincter is not strong enough to prevent reflux under 2 years old

Question 16

When should you stop exercise in a child?

Answer 16

chest pain or discomfort
RPE greater than 17
dyspnea of 4
dizziness
visual changes
pale or ashen appearance
new onset of joint pain
HR greater than 80 percent of max HR
O2 sats less than 90%