Cardiovascular Diagnostic Tests and Procedures

Question 1

How many isoenzymes does creatinine phosphokinase have and which one is the most conclusive for myocardial injury?

Answer 1

CPK-MB, and is abnormal if greater than 3%

Question 2

What is the gold standard for myocardial damage and what is the normal range?

Answer 2

troponin, 0-3mg/ml

Question 3

What is a powerful diagnostic tool for acute MI and can be detected 2 hrs after MI and peaks 3-15 hours after injury?

Answer 3

myoglobin

Question 4

What value can we consider to indicate high cholesterol?

Answer 4

greater than 180 mg/100ml

Question 5

What HDL values lower risk for CAD in men, women?

Answer 5

greater than or equal to 40mg/dL in men
greater than or equal to 50mg/dl in women

Question 6

What levels of LDL increase a person’s risk for CAD?

Answer 6

greater than 130 mg/100mL

Question 7

What hemoglobin values is considered a red flag for OOB activities?

Answer 7

less than 8g/100ml

Question 8

What values for hematocrit (viscosity of blood) would prevent a person from being able to exercise?

Answer 8

less than 25%

Question 9

What is likely to occur if there is low potassium?

Answer 9

arrhythmias

Question 10

What is likely to occur if there is increased potassium?

Answer 10

contractility is compromised

Question 11

What measures the coagulation of blood and what value do you want it to be post-MI and mechanical valve replacement?

Answer 11

prothrombin time and partial thromboplastin, target INR is 3 (thinner the blood, less likely to get clots)

Question 12

For someone who is normal or healthy, what would you do if their INR is greater than 2 and what would your concern be?

Answer 12

check with MD first because their blood is thinner which means that if they fall, they can bleed out more easily

Question 13

What creatinine levels indicate renal insufficiency or failure?

Answer 13

greater than 4mg/dL

Question 14

What is the normal range for blood urea nitrogen and creatinine (BUN)?

Answer 14

8-23 mg/dL

Question 15

What is the measurement that is the gold standard for heart failure and what indicates an ACUTE cardiac decompensation versus a CHRONIC cardiac compensation?

Answer 15

B-type natriuretic peptide (BNP), greater than 700 pg/mL for acute, 100-700 for chronic (normal is less than 100)

Question 16

What is the normal range for serum glucose and AIc?

Answer 16

80-110mg/100mL in fasting state, AIc: 4.8-6%

Question 17

Which noninvasive allows for continuous 24hr monitoring of EKG of pts heart rhythm?

Answer 17

Holter monitoring

Question 18

Which noninvasive cardiac test is an ultrasound of the heart that evaluates function?

Answer 18

echocardiography

Question 19

Which noninvasive cardiac test has a tube swallowed that can detect blood clots, masses or tumors in cardiac structures?

Answer 19

transesophageal echocardiography (TEE)

Question 20

t/f, patients who have pacemakers, artificial joints, stent, surgical clips or heart valves can get a MRA

Answer 20

false, cannot get the magnetic resonance angiography due to having metallic structures

Question 21

Which invasive cardiac test gives info on cardiac diagnosis and management and is pretty commonly done?

Answer 21

cardiac catheterization/coronary angiography