Pediatric Assessment

Question 1

Screening procedures

Answer 1

To identify children whose developmental levels are below normal for chronologic age and who therefore require further investigation

Question 2

Denver Developmental Screening Test II

Answer 2

“Denver II” Widely used, standardized measures; Examiners must be specifically trained and certified in use of the tools; Interpretation of test; Recommendations/referrals

Question 3

PDQ II: Prescreening Developmental Questionnaire

Answer 3

A parent-answered prescreen consisting of 91 questions from the Denver II, based on age of the child; The form may need to be read to parents and caregivers who are less educated; If findings indicate developmental delays or cautions, the Denver II is administered as soon as possible

Question 4

newborn reflexes

Answer 4

rooting, suck, moro (startle), tonic neck, galant’s (trunk incurvation), palmar grasp, stepping, babinski

Question 5

rooting reflex

Answer 5

gentle stroke cheek, newborn turns toward stimulus and opens the mouth; reflex disappears at 3-4 months but might last longer; absence indicates a neurological disorder

Question 6

suck

Answer 6

place gloved finger in babys mouth; baby should vigorously suck; reflex may persist during infancy; week or absent reflex indicates development or neurological disorder

Question 7

Moro (startle)

Answer 7

when the infant is startled or feels like he or she is falling ; sudden noise can stimulate it verifying the infant can hear; sit baby, support upper body and head w/ one hand, flex chest, suddenly let head and shoulders drop while releasing arms, arms and legs extend symmetrically, arms return to mid line with hands open and thumb and index form “c”; disappears 4-6 months; absence or weakness upper motor neuron lesions; asymmetrical w/ brachial plexus injury

Question 8

tonic neck

Answer 8

turn the head to one side, arm and leg extend on side face is facing, contralateral arm and leg flex forming fender position, repeat by turning to other side and effect will reverse; strongest at 2 months and disappears at 6; if still present at 9 months then neurological damage and infant will not be able to support weight to crawl

Question 9

galant’s (trunk incurvation)

Answer 9

place baby in ventral suspension; stroke skin on one side of back, trunk and hips should swing toward the side of stimulus; present 1st 4-6 weeks; absence - spinal cord lesions

Question 10

palmar grasp

Answer 10

place finger in babys palm, infant fingers will firmly grasp finger; strongest between 1-2months; persistance after 3 months indicates neurological disorder

Question 11

stepping

Answer 11

hold baby upright, allow sole to touch flat surface, legs and feet extend in a walking patter; reflex exists 1st 4-8 weeks of life and persists w/ neurological conditions

Question 12

babinski

Answer 12

stroke one side of infants foot upward from the heel and across the ball of the foot, infant responds by hyperextending the toes, big toe flexes toward top of foot and other toes fan outward; last until child is walking; if persistence after 2 then associated with neurological damage

Question 13

birth language skills

Answer 13

crying

Question 14

1-2 month language skills

Answer 14

cooing

Question 15

middle of first year language skills

Answer 15

babbling

Question 16

8-10 months language skills

Answer 16

gestures such as showing and pointing

Question 17

10-15 months language skills

Answer 17

uses first word, has receptive vocabulary of 50 words

Question 18

18 months language skills

Answer 18

has expressive vocabulary of 50 words

Question 19

18-24 months language skills

Answer 19

uses two-word utterances (telegraphic speech) such as “more milk”

Question 20

2 years language skills

Answer 20

expressive vocabulary of 200 words

Question 21

3-6 years language skills

Answer 21

learns 5-8 new words a day; works on syntax and meaning

Question 22

6 years language skills

Answer 22

expressive vocabulary of 8,000-14,000 words; learns 22 new words per day

Question 23

7 years language skills

Answer 23

begins to categorize words by parts of speech; learns comparatives (bigger, longer, etc.) and subjectives (“if you were the school principle…”)

Question 24

6-12 years language skills

Answer 24

understands and uses more complex grammer; must be able to do this orally in order to read

Question 25

6-8 month motor development

Answer 25

sit without support

Question 26

9-11 month motor development

Answer 26

creep on hands and knees

Question 27

11-12 months motor development

Answer 27

cruise or bottom shuffle

Question 28

12-14 months motor development

Answer 28

walk independently

Question 29

15 months motor development

Answer 29

climb up stairs on hands and knees

Question 30

16 months motor development

Answer 30

run stiffly

Question 31

20-24 months motor development

Answer 31

walk down steps (nonreciprocal)

Question 32

3 years motor development

Answer 32

walk up steps, alternate feet

Question 33

4 years motor development

Answer 33

hop on one foot, broad jump

Question 34

5 years motor development

Answer 34

skipping

Question 35

6-7 years motor development

Answer 35

balance on one foot, 20 seconds

Question 36

Cognitive Development of infant

Answer 36

Sensorimotor - tactile stimuli

Question 37

Cognitive Development of Toddler and Preschooler

Answer 37

Preoperational - “make believe” play, understand some concepts but not able to relate it (if i would have had my cape)

Question 38

Cognitive Development of School-age

Answer 38

Concrete operational - more abstract thinking, able to communicate wants and needs to someone else (Dear God thanks for my baby brother but what I prayed for was a puppy)

Question 39

Cognitive Development of Adolescent

Answer 39

Formal Operations - front cortex not fully developed and still forming, explains why they can be emotional and how they might not understand safety so they take risks

Question 40

screening for autism

Answer 40

pefer to be alone, difficultly fitting in with other children, echolalia instead of using responsive language, laughing crying or throwing tantrums for no reason, making little to no eye contact no desire to show affection toward others, no real fear of danger, non responsive to verbal cues despite normal hearing, noticeable overactivity or under activity, obsessive attachment to objects, resistance to change, sustained odd play, uneven gross or fine motor skills, verbal toddlers using gestures or pointing instead of using words