Pedi Endocrine Flashcards
Accumulation of Phenylalanine in the newborn’s bloodstream and tissues causes significant _________ ___________.
Cognitive impairment
PKU is genetic. If genes are located prior to conception, the mother will need to adhere to the dietary guidelines immediately, not just throughout the entire pregnancy. (Also includes breastfeeding time frame). If she doesn’t, what kind of defects might come of her child?
-Microcephaly
- Heart defects
- Other severe cognitive impairment
Newborns need to be allowed to ingest protein prior to the newborn PKU screening. When are the screenings done? (Hint: There are two)
1 - Within two days of birth
#2 - 1-2 weeks after birth
If the PKU ELIZA test is positive, the ________ test will be used to confirm diagnosis.
Guthrie
How much Phenylalanine can the infant have? (Hint: Amt is weight based and a daily amount.)
20-30mg/kg/day
Blood Phenylalanine levels should remain less than __?
0.5 -1 in newborn
8 thereafter
Foods high in Phenylalanine? (Hint: It’s a protein)
- Meat
-Eggs
-Milk (Includes breast milk and formulas. Will need low phenylalanine formula)
** Monitor them for anemia **
Foods low in Phenylalanine? (Hint: It’s a protein)
- Potatoes
- Lettuce
- Peas
- Bananas
(Low protein foods)
What does Growth Hormone help you metabolize?
Macronutrients (Protein, carbs, fats)
To treat GH deficiency, the GH analog called _________ is used. What route is it given and what complication can it cause?
- Somatropin
- SQ
- DM
What age is considered precocious puberty in boys and in girls? (Hint: Precocious means to be earlier than usual or earlier than appropriate)
Girls- Before 8
Boys- Before 9
By what ages would puberty be considered delayed in boys and girls? (Hint: When did you get your period lol)
Girls: Before 12
Boys: Before 14
Another name for Anti-diuretic Hormone is
Vasopressin
What does Vasopressin do?
Hormone that is essential for regulating and conserving water in the body to maintain blood pressure. Stimulates kidneys to reabsorb water from the urine, reducing urine output and conserving water in the body. (Raises BP)
What is Desmopressin the preferred treatment for?
Arginine Vasopressin Deficiency (ADH Deficiency), AKA Diabetes Insipidus.
It’s the man-made version of the hormone Vasopressin.
(ADH hormone deficiency= Urinating too much. Need a hormone to retain some of that water for the body)
What is urine specific gravity?
A measure of how concentrated your urine is.
** Specific gravity measures the density of a substance to the density of water. So Urine specific gravity measures how dense your urine is compared to water. Pure water density is 1 **
In short, what does a low specific gravity and a high specific gravity of urine mean? (Range is 1.005 to 1.030)
Remember, how dense is your urine compared to water? Water is 1.
High specific gravity means you have a high amount of substance. There’s little water, so the waste is highly concentrated. Dehydration.
Low means there’s a lot of water and little substance. Over-hydration.
Diabetes Insipidus (ADH deficiency) causes low/high sodium? Why?
High
Too little ADH = Large fluid loss = Sodium left behind)
Two treatments for ADH Deficiency/Diabetes Insipidus? (Hint: One is a med, One is a diet…)
- Desmopressin IN, PO, or SQ
- Low sodium diet.
3 important things to monitor with ADH Deficiency/Diabetes Insipidus?
- I&O’s
-Daily Weight - Labs—> Specifically Sodium
In Hypothyroidism, TSH is ______? Why?
- High.
- When the thyroid isn’t producing enough thyroid hormone (T3 and T4), the pituitary releases more TSH. Like “Hey, wake TF up. You get my message? I need more Thyroid Hormone”.
In hypothyroidism, everything _____ _____. While in hyperthyroidism, everything _____ ____.
- Slows down “I’m tired as fuck boi!”
- Speeds up “I’m fast as fuck boi!”
- Thick, Brittle nails
- Dry, cold skin
- Dry, sparse, coarse hair
What disorder does this match?
Hypothyroidism
- Myxedema
- General Edema
- Tired AF
- Weight gain
- Beefy Tongue
-Bradycardia
What does this match?
Hypothyroidism
“I’m tired as fuck boi”
