Ped's things Flashcards
Rubeola:
- Also known as?
- What presents?
- How can we prevent?
- Measles or Koplic spots
(rubeoLa-measLes-kopLickspots) - “3 C’s”
-cough (coryza)
-conjunctivitis
-congestion
-rash - MMR Vaccine
Rubella
“3-day measles”
(decrease in severity, increase in contagion)
-pregnant women at risk
-adenopathy
-pink rash
-very contagious
+ Rubella titer= pt is immune
“RUB my BELLa- ive been rubbing your belly for 3 days- your skin is pink now. I’m positive i want to stop an do on the TITER totter”
Roseola
Sixth Disease
-rash after fever
-rose colored, BLANCHable papules
-no longer contagious when the rash appears
“6-pink-ROSEs for BLANCH- im good just getting red”
Erythema Infectiosum
Fifths disease
-“slap-cheek” , lacy/net-like rash
-from the Parvovirus B19
-pregnant women usually okay
-Draw tider from exposed mom
“oh so..infectioso (with her 5 fingered lacy gloves), dont want that parvo! SLAP, so go away”
Hand, foot, & mouth disease
-Coxsacki virus
-rash/ulcers start in mouth
-spreads to hands and feet
-vesicle formation/peeling
Common causes of death:
Infants?
Age 1-4?
Older children?
Infants- congenital malformations
Age 1-4- Drowning
Older children- MVA’s
newborn wt:
back to birthweight by_
Double birthweight by_
tripple birthweight by_
2 wks
6 months
12 months
Precocious puberty_
Delayed puberty_
Precocious puberty
males < 9
females < 8
Delayed puberty_
no 2ndary sex characteristcs by age:
-14 in males
-13 in females
live vaccines at age
12 months
-varicella
-MMR
DTAP vs TDAP
what component causes fever?
age to get DTAP?
age to get TDAP?
Pertussis component causes fever
age to get DTAP? <7 yrs
age to get TDAP? >7 yrs
HVP:
age of administration and why?
protects against strains_
9-11 years old
-we want to give before sexually active
protects against strains: 16 and 18
(6 and 11 –> genital warts)
What will you do if you have an older child with an unclear vaccination status?
which vaccine prevents Epiglottitis in children?
Its Time for Many Happy Happy Vaccines
IPV
Tdap
MMR
Hep B
Hib
Varicella
-Hib (prevents Epiglottitis in children)
-consider age; are they eligible for HPV or meningitis?
(both 11-12 yrs)
The epiglottis is a flap of tissue that sits beneath the tongue at the back of the throat.
Seborrheic Dermatitis
Cradle Cap
-dead skin cells
-soften w/oil or shampoo
-resolve in a few months
“SEBORdinate to let your babies DERMis get that way!”
Hemangioma
-bright red spot on skin at birth
-flat or raised
-may grow initially
tx: resolves by age 4
only refer if- ulcerations or vision changes (close to eye)
“HE-MAN woman haters –> Spanky slaps forehead –> redspot
Slate Grey Nevus (congenital Melanocytosis)
-blue/grey birthmark
-Lumbosacral area
-self resolve or fade
-dont mistake for bruises
-asian decent
“sitting on a SLATE- bum turns blue grey”
Jaundice
-yellowing skin
-Bilirubin build-up
-initiate phototherapy when bilirubin is >15
Varicella SS/TX
chicken pox
-pruritic vesicles in various stages of healing
**contagious until all lesions have crusted over
tx:
Calamine lotion, oatmeal baths
Kawasaki disease
presentation:
tx:
considered a vasculitis
-fever > 5 days
-peeling rash over whole body
-“strawberry tongue”
-swelling hands/feet
Can lead to:
-inflammation in heart
(leading cause of acquired heart disease in children)
ASAP TX:
-Aspirin
-IVIG (immunoglobulin therapy)
“this Asian guy who was trying to turn kids tongue into things- ends up giving them HF instead”
Scarlatina
Scarlet Fever
-complication of STREP throat
SS:
-“sandpaper” maculopapular rash
-sore throat/straberry(scarlet) tongue
TX: treat the origin (Strep)
-Amoxicillin
Strep Throat vs. Mono
SS / TX
what if a patient has both strep throat and mono?
Strep ss:
-group A strep
-tonsillar exudates
-Palatal petechiae
Mono SS:
-Epstein-Barr Virus
-Enlarged Spleen
-fatigue
___________________________
Strep Tx:
antibiotics (amoxicillin)
Mono Tx:
treat symptoms
___________________________
both strep throat and mono:
DONT give any “-cillins”
-these can cause a morbiform rash (only Penicillin VK is ok)
better options=
-macrolides
-cephalosporins
Strabismus
Cross-eye
-normal until 4-6 mo
-common cause of amblyopia
-not corrected = blurry/double vision
Dacryosenosis
“DA baby- cant- el-CRYO”
-blocked/clogged tear duct
-warm compress
-the eye itself is CLEAR (vs in conjunctivitis- its red)
Acute Otitis Media
typically preceded by:
s/s:
commonly caused by which bacteria?
typically preceded by:
-post upper respiratory infection
s/s:
-tugging ear
-bulging, erythmetous, tympanic membrane
TX:
watch 2-3 days
worse?
-amoxicillin
commonly caused by which bacteria?
Strep Pneumoniae
Otitis Externa
commonly caused by which bacteria?
Swimmers ear
-red swollen outer ear
-pain with TRAGUS movement
-oderous discharge
TX:
-ofloxacin (antibiotic) drops
-Cortisporin (steroid) drops
commonly caused by which bacteria?
Pseudomonas Aeruginosa
Coarctation of the Aorta
Congenital. Aorta too narrow.
-decreased femoral pulse
-BP at birth in lower and upper extremities:
– higher BP in upper, lower BP in lower
(the blood cant travel effectively)
TX: Refer
trying to COARCe the blood to come through the narrow cannal
Genu Varum
Bowl legged
-should go away by 2-3 yrs old’’
Gen..U..AR….UM… walking weird
preterm babies catch up on milestones by
24 months
Leukocoria
white reflex in eye
could be:
-retinoblastoma
-congenital cateracts
Anorexia
eating disorder that causes
-bone loss
-heart disease
-dental erosion
Salter-Harris Fractures
Fractures that occur along the growth plate
-may cause stunted growth
“mike HARRISon - his injury stunted his growth”
Hydrocele
Abnormal accumulation of fluid around the testes
-can occur before and right after birth
-self resolvable
water up to the testie celing
Cholesteatoma
collection of skin cells deep in the ear
-“cauliflower like growth”
-effects balance/hearing
Tempanic Membrane Rupture
typical pt HX: ear is hurting, hurting, hurting- then there is a sudden bloody discharge and relief
-this will heal on its own
Vesicoureteral Reflex (VUR)
when to refer
dx tool?
Backflow of urin in ureter
-stage/grade 1-5
-begin referring out at stage 3
-usually resolves on its own
-DX: voiding cystogram.
Fetal Alcohol Syndrome
-thin upper lip
-smooth philtrum (the vertical groove between the base of the nose and the border of the upper lip)
-low nasal bridge
Acne
normal TX:
What if their face is getting irritated?
-genetics and androgens
- Benzoyl Peroxide
- Topical Antibiotics
- Oral Antibiotics
What if their face is getting irritated? – decrease frequency of regimen
Osgood-Schlatter Disease
Anterior tibial tubercle pain/ bone growth
-NSAIDS
-ICE
likely to outgrow once bones stop growing
Foreign Object
when to suspect a nasal foreign body vs. sinusitis;
-drainage from ONE nare (nostril) only
-foul smell
-mouth breathing
-mild swelling in face
-sneezing
Keloid and Hypertrophic Scars
Keloid:
Rubbery growth- extends past boarders of trauma
Pyloric Stenosis vs Intussusception
Pyloris Stenosis:
-projectile vomiting
-olive shaped mass
“PYe full of olives…Bleh”
TX:
-US mass
-Refer
IntuSSusception
-jelly-like stools
-Sausage Shaped mass
TX:
-US mass
-Refer
ugh your breath is SUS! you have been eating sausage and jelly!
Acute Suppurative Otitis Media =
tympanic membrane rupture
Infants with congenital rubella often have _____
-
-cataracts
-Sensorineural hearing loss
-patent ductus arteriosus (PDA).
—PDA presents with a continuous machine-like murmur at the upper left sternal border.
“public display of affection- im a freaking MACHINE”
—which can cause prolonged left to right shunting and congestive heart failure
Cystic Fibrosis
when is this dx?
how is ti dx?
s/s?
biggest goal?
when is this dx? <2 years old
how is ti dx?
-sweat chloride test
-genetic testing
s/s?
-cough
-wheezing
-increased mucous
-slowed growth
-salty skin
biggest goal?
-to prevent infection
(lifespan of 30 years)
Respiratory Syncytial Virus (RSV)
s/s?
tx?
complications?
s/s?
-fever
-upper resp. symptoms (wheezing, rhinitis, cough, sneeze)
tx?
symptoms; antipyretics, fluids
complications?
-bronchitis
-pneumonia
Croup
s/s?
tx?
complications?
s/s?
-barky cough
-stridor
—-> high pitched musical wheezing
-fever
tx?
xray—-> steeple sign
-Dexamethasone (Deladron)
complications?
worsening stridor or severe dyspnea = ED
Pertussis
s/s?
contagion?
tx?
prevention?
AKA Whooping cough
s/s?
-dry-whooping cough
-can cause vomiting
contagion?
-for 2 weeks after cough begins
tx?
-Azithromycin
**antibiotics will NOT shorten length of s/s
prevention?
DTAP/TDAP (preggo’s 3rd trimester)
Sickle Cell
when is this dx?
how is it dx?
more common in:
what happens in this type of anemia?
how can this be prevented?
when is this dx?
-newborn screening test
how is it dx?
-Hemoglobin Electrophoresis
more common in:
African Decent
what happens in this type of anemia?
-abnormal shaped Hemoglobin
-sickle cell Crisis—-> due to dehydration/ illness
causes intense pain
—- send to hospital for IV pain/hydration
how can this be prevented?
avoid high atmosphere pressures
avoid extreme weather
stay hydrated
take multiple breaks
Thalassemia
this is:
dx:
commonly seen in:
complicaitons:
this is: Genetically inherited ANEMIA
dx: Hemoglobin Electrophoresis
commonly seen in:
southeast/Mediterranean descent
complicaitons:
-infusion dependent
-iron overload (organ injury)
Encopresis
Nocturnal Enuresis
Encopresis:
Fecal incontinence after potty training
-chronic constipation after ignoring urge to go
—-colon enlarges and desensitizes
tx:
-not a quick fix
-must retrain colon
Nocturnal Enuresis:
-bed wetting
-normal when first potty training
-may be caused by stress (regression)
