Antibiotics Flashcards
Penicillins
Amoxicillin, dicloxacillin, penicillin, amoxicillin/clavulanate (augmentin)
- Tolerated well in pregnancy
- Infant safe
Amoxicillin
- pneumonia
- otitis media
- syphilis (PCN-G IM)
- Group A strep throat
- sinusitis
Dicloxacillin
- Mastitis
- second line for mastitis is clindamycin or other macrolide (‘-mycin)
Sulfonamides
- These drugs have “sulfa” in them
- Most commonly used is: trimethoprim/ sulfamethoxazole (Bactrim)
- Can also be used for
- Urinary Tract Infections
- Purulent Cellulitis (BCD)
- PJP prophylaxis in AIDS patients
Below the waist skin complaints
Drug Interactions:
Warfarin (increases INR)
Astemizole (Hismanal)
ONE BIG safety concern for Sulfonamides
Stevens-Johnson Syndrome
A notorious reaction that people can have when they take sulfonamide antibiotics, but can also occur with other medications too
* Starts with flu-like symptoms
* Then a painful, bleeding, peeling rash erupts on the entire body
* THIS IS A MEDICAL EMERGENCY!!!
Cephalosporins
- Contains “ceph-“ or “cef-“ in the name
- cephalexin (Keflex)
- Pregnancy safe
- These are okay to use if the patient has a PCN allergy if it was NOT an anaphylactic reaction.
- Used for:
- Skin complaints
- Post-operative wounds
Fluoroquinolones
“-floxacin”
* Respiratory Fluoroquinolone
* levofloxacin (Levaquin)
* This is used in patients with pneumonia if they have respiratory co-morbidities or recent antibiotic use!
Other Fluoroquinolones
* ciprofloxacin (Cipro)
* Urinary Tract Infections
* Diverticulitis
. Travelers Diarrhea
box warning - achilles tendon rupture
Contraindications:
Children (<18 years of age)
Myasthenia gravis
Pregnancy, breastfeeding
Elderly
History of cardiovascular disease, aneurysm, and hypertension
Black Box warning for Fluoroquinolone’s (“-floxacin”)
Achilles Tendon Rupture
Tetracyclines
- Ending in “-cycline”
- Side effects that can be seen
- Nausea
- Vomiting
- Diarrhea
- Try to avoid in pregnancy..
except In… - Rocky Mountain Spotted
Fever and Lyme Disease
Uses:
Rocky Mountain Spotted Fever
Lyme Disease
Purulent Cellulitis (BCD)
Pneumonia (if criteria met)
Vancomycin (Vancocin)
Used for serious infections
Risk for nephron and otoxicity
“Red Man Syndrome” can occue
Nitrofurantoin (Macrobid)
UTI
-and prevention of UTI for chronic
Clindamycin (Cleocin)
Used for serious infections:
* Purulent Cellulitis
* (BCD)
High risk for superinfection
* C.Diff
2nd line option for Mastitis
**Hidradenitis suppurativa
Clindamycin is a lincosamide
Metronidazole (Flagyl)
Used for:
* Trich
* BV
* H.Pylori
SE: GI upset, metallic taste, avoid taking w/alcohol
Rifampin (Rifadin)
Used for:
* TB
* Bacterial meningitis
SE: turns excretions RED
* Need to monitor LFT’s
Sinusitis
AUGust Colds
Augmentin or Cephlasporins
Strep Throat
- Strip in the PM
- Penicillins or Macrolides (“-mycin”)
Purulent Cellulitis
MRS “A” -BCD
Usually caused by MRSA
* Bactrim
* Clindamycin
* Doxycycline
Dog/Cat Bites
Dog bitten = Augmentin
How long after a dog/cat bite do we suture? WE DON’T!
NEVER suture a dog bite.
Pregnancy safe Antibiotics
CAMP
* Cephalosporins
* Amoxicillin
* Macrolides/Macrobid
* Penicillins
Pneumonia
MAD Lung MA!
MAD- (no resp. comorbidities or recent antibiotic use)
* Macrolides
* Amoxicillin
* Doxycycline
Lung (recent antibiotic use or resp. comorbidity)
Levofloxacin
Macrolide + Augmentin
H.Pylori
CAP
Treat My Belly Pain
Triple therapy: (CAP)
-Clarithromycin +. Amoxil + PPI
(can use Mertonidazoldek (flagyl) if allergic to -cillins)
Quadruple therapy: (Treat My Belly Pain)
-Tetracycline + Metronidazoldek + Bismuth Salt + PPI
typically presents:
related to gastritis or a peptic ulcer and may include:
-An ache or burning pain in your stomach (abdomen)
-Stomach pain that may be worse when your stomach is empty.
STI Antibiotics
- Cuties All Get Cooties To be Freaky, Sneaky, and Playful
- Chlamydia=Azithromycin
- Gonorrhea=Ceftriaxone
- Trich =Flagyl
- Syphilis = Penicillin G
Otitis Externa
Ofloxacin drops (can also add cortisporin drops
A 24-year-old female patient presents to the clinic reporting purulent, green, frothy vaginal discharge. Upon further assessment, the nurse practitioner obtains a vaginal swab and visualizes flagella under the microscope. The nurse practitioner knows to treat this condition with which of the following antibiotics?
- Metronidazole (Flagyl)
Rationale: The correct answer is metronidazole (Flagyl). The nurse practitioner is aware that seeing flagella under the microscope is indicative of trichomoniasis, which is treated with metronidazole (Flagyl). Penicillin G (Bicillin) is used to treat Syphilis, ceftriaxone (Rocephin) is used to treat gonorrhea, and azithromycin (Zithromax) is used to treat chlamydia