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Emma > Pectoral Region & Axilla > Flashcards

Pectoral Region & Axilla Flashcards

1
Q

The pectoral girdle (clavicles and scapulae) is connected anteriorly to the…

A

manubrium of the sternum

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2
Q

Components of the sternum

A

manubrium (juglar notch, clavicular notch, sternal angle)
Body
xiphoid process

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3
Q

Landmarks of the clavicle

A

acromial end (lateral, articulates w/ acromion process of scapula)
sternal end (medial)
trapezoid line and concord tubercle (lateral)
groove for subclavius m.
impression for costoclavicular ligament (anchor to 1st rib)

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4
Q

Landmarks of the scapula

A 
coracoid process (thumb)
acromion process
glenoid fossa (head of humerus)
suprascapular notch 
sub scapular fossa (ant., attach for subscapularis m.)
supraspinous fossa (post.)
infraspinous fossa (post.)
spine of scapula (post.)
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5
Q

clavicle articulates w/ axial skeleton via

A

sternoclavicular joint

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6
Q

clavicle articulates with scapula via

A

acromioclavicular joint

coracoclavicular joint

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7
Q

scapulothoracic joint

A

a physiological joint

  • scapula overlying the posterior thoracic wall
  • movement occurs in all directions
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8
Q

humerus is connected to pectoral girdle by the

A

glenohumeral joint

- a ball and socket joint

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9
Q

subacromial space and scapulothoracic joint are

A

physiological (functional) joints

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10
Q

which ligament reinforces the clavicle laterally

A

acromioclavicular ligament

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11
Q

coracoacromial ligament

A

between coracoid process (ant) and acromion process (post)

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12
Q

Ligaments of the pectoral girdle region

A

acromioclavicular ligament
coracoacromial ligament
coracoclavicular ligament

sternoclavicular ligament
costoclavicular ligament

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13
Q

function and components of the coracoclavicular ligament

A

stabilizes lateral end of clavicle

2 ligaments: trapezoid and conoid

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14
Q

which ligament anchors medial end of clavicle to manuibrium

A

sternoclavicular ligament

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15
Q

which ligament anchors medial end of clavicle to 1st rib

A

costoclavicular ligament

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16
Q

Piano-key sign

A

via fall on shoulder or outstretched hand

  • humerus displaces lateral end of clavicle
  • injury to ACROMIOCLAVICULAR ligament and/or CORACOCLAVICULAR ligament
  • lat end of clavicle is elevated away from rest of scapula
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17
Q

Clavicle fracture

A

via fall on outstretched hand/directly on shoulder/high impact accident (car/bike)

  • comm frac site: btw lateral and middle thirds
  • immobilized w/ sling, surgery if bones are fragmented
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18
Q

4 anterior axioappendicular m. of pectoral region

A

pectoralis major m
pectoralis minor m
serratus anterior m
subclavius m

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19
Q

medial border of deltopectoral triangle

A

pectorals major m

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20
Q

which vein ascends up lateral upper extremity from forearm, along deltopectoral groove

A

cephalic vein

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21
Q

which vein ascends up medial side of upper arm

A

basilic vein (becomes axillary vein)

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22
Q

boundaries of the axilla

A

pectoralis maj. and min. (ant.)
serratus anterior (med.)
subscapularis, teres major and latissimus dorsi (post.)
inter tubercular groove (lat.)
axillary skin fold (base)
apex (btwn clavicle, 1st rib, and scapula)

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23
Q

contents of the axilla

A

lymphatics
axillary artery
axillary vein
brachial plexus

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24
Q

pathway of pectoral and axillary lymphatics

A

pectoral, sub scapular, and humeral nodes –> central nodes –> apical nodes –> venous system via R lymphatic duct (R side) and thoracic duct (L side)

25
Most common site of metastasis from breast cancer
axillary nodes (pectoral, subscapular, apical, central, and humeral)
26
Heart --> R brachial a. (path)
heart --> aorta --> bracocephalic a. --> R. subclavian a. --> R. axillary a. (as it passes 1st rib) --> R. brachial a. (as it passes border of teres major)
27
Borders of 3 parts of the axillary artery
1st part: btwn lat border of 1st rib and superior border of pectoralis minor 2nd part: deep to pectoralis minor 3rd part: between inferior border of pectoralis minor and inferior border of teres major
28
Branches of axillary artery
1st part --> 1 branch --> superior thoracic a. 2nd part --> 2 branches --> thoracoacromial trunk, lateral thoracic artery 3rd part --> 3 branches --> subscapular a., ant. circumflex humeral a., post. circumflex humeral a.
29
thoracoacromial trunk branches
``` (branches off 2nd pt axillary a.) acromial a. clavicular a. pectoral a. deltoid a. ``` Atlantic City Police Dept.
30
vein that connects cephalic and basilic veins
median cubital v. | site for venipuncture
31
vein that drains up lateral side of arm into deltopectoral groove
cephalic v.
32
vein that dives deep w/i arm (1/2 way up, medial) and drains deep veins to become axillary v.
basilic v.
33
any plexus found in body is made up of
ventral primary rami
34
brachial plexus
ventral primary rami of C5, 6, 7, 8 and T1 spinal n. --> combine as trunks --> divisions --> combine as cords --> divide into 5 terminal branches
35
Brachial plexus carries _______________ info to the entire upper limb
motor AND sensory | ventral primary rami
36
trunks of brachial plexus
(combo of roots/rami) upper trunk= C5 + C6 middle trunk= C7 lower trunk= C8 +T1
37
divisions of brachial plexus
sep of each trunk into ant and post divisions | divide posterior to clavicle
38
cords of brachial plexus
*named relative to axillary a. lateral cord (via ant. divisions of upper and middle trunks) medial cord (via anterior division of lower trunk) posterior cord (via all 3 posteror divisions)
39
branches of brachial plexus
5 terminal branches from cords lateral cord --> musclocutaneous n. and lat root of median n. posterior cord --> axillary n. and radial n. medial cord --> ulnar n. and medial root of median n.
40
Supraclavicular branches
branches from roots or trunchs, pts of brachial plexus ABOVE CLAVICLE Roots - dorsal scapular n. (C5) - long thoracic n. (C5, 6, 7) Trunks - supra scapular n. (C5, 6) - n. to subclavius (C5, 6)
41
Infraclavicular branches
branches from cords BELOW CLAVICLE Lateral cord - lateral pectoral n. (C5-7) Medial cord - medial brachial cutaneous n. (C8, T1) - medial pectoral n. (C8, T1) - medial antebrachial cutaneous n. (C8, T1) Posterior cord - upper sub scapular n. (C5) - thoracodorsal n. (C6-8) (aka middle subscapular n.) - lower subscapular n. (C6)
42
long thoracic n. supplies...
serratus anterior
43
dorsal scapular n. supplies...
rhomboid major rhomboid minor levator scapulae
44
supra scapular n. supplies...
supraspinatus m. | infraspinatus m.
45
winged scapula
injury to long thoracic n. (travels SUPERFICIAL to serratus anterior m) - medial border and inferior angle of scapula pull away from posterior thoracic wall - notable when person presses hand against wall
46
medial and lateral pectoral n.
supplies pectoralis major
47
medial pectoral n.
supplies pectoralis minor
48
upper subscapular n.
supplies superior pt of subscapularis m.
49
lower subscapular n.
supplies - inferior part of subscapularis m. - teres major m.
50
thoracodorsal n.
latissimus dorsi m.
51
medial brachial cutaneous n.
medial arm
52
medial antebrachial cutaneous n.
medial forearm
53
musculocutaneous n.
all ant arm muscles (brachial, coracobrachialis, biceps brachii) continues on as lateral antebrachial cutaneous n.
54
median n.
- anterior forearm EXCEPT flexor carpi ulnari and medial half flexor digitorum profundus - 5 intrinsic muscles of hand
55
ulnar n.
- 2 muscles of anterior forearm (flexor carpi ulnas and medial half flexor - most intrinsic muscles of hand
56
radial n.
all muscles of posterior arm (triceps) and forearm
57
axillary n.
deltoid and teres minor m.
58
location of musculocutaneous n.
typically pierces coracobrachialis m. and runs between coracobrachialis, brachial, and biceps brachii m. emerges deep from biceps brachialis just lateral to biceps tendon as LATERAL ANTEBRACHIAL CUTANEOUS N. continues down forearm (provides sensation to lat forearm)

Emma (18 decks)

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