Micro - E4 Memorize

Question 1

Enveloped viruses

Answer 1

myxovirus

retrovirus

Question 2

in vitro translation assay
( + ribosomes, tRNAs, aa, buffer, purified virus genome from virion)

“Are proteins made?” If yes, then…

Answer 2

picornavirus or retrovirus

Question 3

in vitro enzyme assay
(+ NTPs, dNTPs, buffer (with host mRNAs, need these for 5’ caps), contents of lysed virions)

“Does the Virus come packaged with an enzyme that can polymerize nucleic acids?”

Answer 3

myxovirus

retrovirus

Question 4

Transfection assay
Add the PURIFIED virus GENOME from virions

“Is the purified Virus GENOME infectious?”

Answer 4

papilloma

picorna

Question 5

Oncogenic viruses

Answer 5

papilloma

retrovirus

Question 6

Which virus encodes an RNA replicase

Answer 6

picornavirus

Question 7

Which virus uses Vpg primer for genome replication

Answer 7

picornavirus

Question 8

Which virus carries an RNA-dep RNAP (viral transcriptase)?

Answer 8

Myxovirus

Viral transcriptase goes to nucleus w/ genome
5’ caps stolen from host mRNA & used as primers

Question 9

Virus with no 5’ cap or polyA tail

Answer 9

Myxovirus

Question 10

HPV E6

Answer 10

Binds p53

How HPV prevents cell death by apoptosis

Question 11

HPV E7

Answer 11

Binds Rb

How HPV stimulates entry into S-phase

Question 12

Which viruses use differential splicing

Answer 12

papilloma virus

retrovirus

Question 13

Events of HIV

Answer 13

adsorption
penetration
reverse transcription (synthesis of dsDNA) 
integration
transcription+splicing
translation
assembly
budding
maturation via protease

Question 14

Conditions which bacteriophage lambda undergoes lytic growth

Answer 14

RICH MEDIUM –> HIGH PROTEASE –> CII degraded–> phage undergoes LYTIC GROWTH

Question 15

Conditions which bacteriophage lambda undergoes lysogeny

Answer 15

POOR MEDIUM –> LOW PROTEASE –-> CII activates Repressor Promoter –>Phage undergoes LYSOGENY

Question 16

E. coli O157:H7

Answer 16

Late regulatory region of the phage carries Shiga-like toxin. Expression of the toxin genes, stx A and B, is greatly enhanced by the Q protein, expressed upon induction of the prophage.

Question 17

Two component regulatory systems

Answer 17

The component that senses the environment is a membrane-bound sensor histidine kinase.

Phosphorylates a response regulator (2nd component of the two component system). controls the expression gene expression

Question 18

MucA

Answer 18

MucA –> negative regulator of Au (sigma factor for alginate genes)

Lungs of CF patients accumulate mutant strains of P. aeruginosa that produce a truncated inactive MucA = mucoidy

Question 19

Quorum sensing signaling compounds

Answer 19

Acylated homoserine lactones (Gram-negatives)

Short peptides (Gram-positives)

Question 20

C. diff

Answer 20

\+, bacili
obligate anaerobe
TcdA, TcdA
sx: intestinal disease
spore forming
Natural autotroph (complex nutritional requirements)

Question 21

C. tetani

Answer 21

\+, bacilli
obligate anaerobe
neurotoxin --> CNS (GABA)
spore forming
sx: spastic paralysis (trismus - lockjaw, cant relax muscles)

Question 22

C. botulinum

Answer 22

\+, bacilli
obligate anaerobe
neurotoxin --> PNS (ACh)
sx: flaccid paralysis, can't stimulate muscles to contract
spore forming

Question 23

V. Cholera

Answer 23

-, comma shaped
facultative anaerobe
A-B toxin
"rice water" diarrhea
NON-spore forming