Immuno - E4 review slides

Question 1

What are the functions of complement

Answer 1

Opsonization requires C3b
Chemotaxis requires C3a and C5a
Anaphylatoxin requires C3a and C5a
Cytolytic activity requires the MAC components (C5b-C9)

Question 2

Cytokines From Antigen presenting cells

Answer 2

IL-1
TNF
IL-6
IL-12
Chemokines
IL-10 - Inhibitory

Question 3

Cytokines From Th1 cells

Answer 3

IFN-gamma

IL-2

Question 4

Cytokines from Th2 cells

Answer 4

IL-4
IL-5
IL-13

Question 5

Cytokines from CD17 cells

Answer 5

IL-17

Question 6

Cytokines from Treg

Answer 6

IL-10

TGF-beta

Question 7

CD Proteins

Answer 7

B-cells CD19, CD20
T-cells CD3, CD4 or CD8, CD28
Treg-cells CD4, CD25

Question 8

Human MHC

Answer 8

MHC - an area on short arm (p) of chromosome 6. On short arm there is the HLA region –> codes for genes that make antigen and are crucial for transplantation. (whole thing: “haplotype”)

Class I molecule (A, B, C) - expressed only on APCS, binds CD4+
Class II molecule (DP, DQ, DR) - expressed on all nucleated cells, binds CD8+

Question 9

Hyperacute rejection

Answer 9

to pre-formed antibodies in the recipient against the donor. Takes minutes or hours

Question 10

Acute Rejection

Answer 10

due mainly to CMI (both CD4 and CD8 cells) against donor MHC molecules. Also some antibody attack. Takes 10-14 day

Question 11

Chronic rejection

Answer 11

due to CMI and antibody attack

Question 12

GVD

Answer 12

rxn of DONOR T cells against RECIPIENT MHC

CD4 in graft are activated

Question 13

CD8 killing mechanism

Answer 13

CD8 molecule binds to MHC Class l (presenting tumor antigen)

T cell releases granzymes and perforins and the Fas-Fas L interaction

Question 14

CD8=principle defense against

Answer 14

Virus infected cells
Intracellular bacteria (like TB)
Fungi
Tumors

Question 15

NK cells

Answer 15

not T-cells (no T-cell receptors), nor B-cells ( no immunoglobulin receptors)

large granular lymphocytes (LGL’s)

Rec cells that lost Class I MHC and kill (similar mech to CD8--> use granzymes and perforin) 
OR ADCC (bind to IgG

Question 16

Late phase of the acute allergic reaction

Answer 16

eosinophils, neutrophils, T-cells and mononuclear cells migrate to area –> release proinflammatory cytokines

Question 17

Bird-fanciers

Answer 17

inhales antigen –> makes IgG
Next time she inhales –> antigen binds complement etc.
Also has T cells activated

*both type III & type IV

Question 18

Contact dermatitis

Answer 18

T-cell mediated so the cells at the site of the inflammation would be macrophages, dendritic cells, CD4+ and CD8+ T-cells. You will not find antibody, complement or B-cells

Question 19

Candida

Answer 19

Type IV hypersensitivity

Question 20

His serum IgA, IgG and IgM levels are markedly decreased. –> SCID

candidiasis (thrush) –> Type IV

Both –>

Answer 20

SCID

Question 21

GVD tx and prevention

Answer 21

Tx: Immunosuppression with drugs such as cyclosporine

To prevent GVD: Try to remove all the T-cells from the donor bone marrow preparation.
( In practise this is almost impossible to do)

Question 22

Wiskott-Aldritch Syndrome

Answer 22

thrombocytopenia
eczema
recurrent infections

Question 23

HIV sx

Answer 23

Delayed hypersensitivity skin tests to Candida or other antigens will be absent

The ratio of his CD4:CD8 cells will be reversed

B-cells will be normal

His blood will have antibodies to HIV (bc he has B-cells)

IgG levels will be normal or raised

He may now have trouble producing antibodies against new antigens because of the lack of T-cell help e.g. flu vaccine

Question 24

Which of the following patients would not have increased susceptibility to infection with Mycobacterium tuberculosis?

A) Patient with a mutation of the IL-2 receptor
B) Patient with a mutation of the IL-12 receptor
C) Patient with a mutation of the RAG-1 gene
D) Patient with a mutation of the CD 28 gene
E) Patient with a mutation of the Btk gene

Answer 24

E (T cell not blocked)

Defective Btk, Bruton’s Tyrosine Kinase; necessary for maturation of pre-B-cells)
-NO MATURE B-CELLS.