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Medicine Year 1 - Semester 2 - Part 1 > Pectoral and Scapular Regions > Flashcards

Pectoral and Scapular Regions Flashcards

1
Q

What is the pectoral girdle ?

A

An incomplete ring of bone
Scapula and clavicle

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2
Q

What is the axilla ?

A

Gateway to the upper limb

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3
Q

What is the pectoral region ?

A

Anterior chest

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4
Q

How many muscles are in the pectoral region and what do they do ?

A

4 muscles:

1 moves clavicle
1 moves humerus
2 move scapula

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5
Q

Name the muscles that supply the pectoral region

A

Muscle that moves :

Clavicle - Subclavius

Humerus - Pectoralis Major

Scapula - Pectoralis Minor, Serratus Anterior

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6
Q

What nerve supplies the subclavian muscle ?

A

Nerve to subclavius (C5,6) : C6 more important

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7
Q

Which nerve(s) supply the pectoralis major muscle ?

A

Medial Pectoral Nerve (C8, T1) +
Lateral Pectoral Nerves (C5,6,7) : C6 more important

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8
Q

Which nerve supplies the pectoralis minor muscle ?

A

Medial pectoral (C8,T1)

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9
Q

Which nerve supplies the serratus anterior muscle ?

A

Long Thoracic nerve (C5,6,7) : C5 + 6 are important

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10
Q

Function of the Subclavian muscle

A

Fixator / Synergist rather than prime mover

Stabilises/ Depresses the clavicle

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11
Q

Function of the Pectoralis Major muscle

A

2 HEADS :
Sternocostal head
Clavicular head

Movements :
Adduction
Medially rotates humerus

(Minor action - Flexion and Extension)

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12
Q

Function of the Pectoralis Minor muscle

A

Attaches to the coracoid process of the scapula
Origins from ribs 2,3,4 / 3,4,5

Stabilises/ Depresses scapula

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13
Q

Function of the Serratus Anterior muscle

A

Inserts into ribs 2-9,
Inserts into medial border of the scapula
Each digitation attaches to a different rib

Protracts the scapula
Prevents “Winging”
Scapular rotation

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14
Q

How many extrinsic back muscles are there and what so they do ?

A

4 muscles (sort of)

1 moves humerus
3 move scapula

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15
Q

Name the muscles of the extrinsic back

A

Muscle that moves

Humerus - Latissimus Dorsi

Scapula :

Trapezius
Rhomboids
Levator Scapula

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16
Q

Which nerve supplies the latissimus dorsi muscle ?

A

Thoracodorsal nerve (C6,7,8) - C6,7 important nerves

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17
Q

Which nerve supplies the trapezius muscle ?

A

Spinal Accessory nerve (CN 11 - afferent C3,4)

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18
Q

Which nerve supplies the rhomboid muscles ?

A

Dorsal Scapular nerve (C4,5) - C5 important

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19
Q

Which nerve(s) supply the levator scapula muscle ?

A

Cervical Nerves (C3,4)
Dorsal Scapular (C4,5)

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20
Q

Function of Latissimus dosi

A

Action is at the GH joint

Extends
Adducts
Medially Rotates the humerus

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21
Q

What muscle is related with the elevation of the scapula ?

A

MAIN - prime mover : Upper trapezius

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22
Q

What muscle is related with the depression of the scapula ?

A

MAIN - prime mover : Gravity

(also pec. major/minor, lat. dorsi, lower trapezius)

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23
Q

What muscle is related with protraction of the scapula ?

A

MAIN - prime mover : Serratus anterior

(also pec. major and minor)

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24
Q

What muscle is related with retraction of the scapula ?

A

MAIN - prime mover : Middle Trapezius

(also - rhomboids and lat. dorsi)

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25
Q

What muscle is related with Lateral rotation (upwards rotation) of the scapula ?

A

MAIN - prime mover : Upper trapezius + Inferior Serratus Anterior

(also : lower trapezius)

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26
Q

What muscle is related with Medial rotation (downwards rotation) of the scapula ?

A

MAIN - prime mover : Latissimus Dorsi

(also: rhomboids, levator scapulae, gravity)

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27
Q

What is an intrinsic shoulder muscle ?

A

One that extends from the scapula to the humerus in order to move the glenohumeral joint.

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28
Q

Name the 2 muscles involved in GH movement but are not intrinsic muscles

A

Latissimus dorsi
Pectoralis Major

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29
Q

State some intrinsic shoulder muscles

A

Deltoid
Teres Major
Rotator cuff (S.I.T.S)

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30
Q

Which nerve supplies the deltoid muscle ?

A

Axillary Nerve (C5,6)

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31
Q

Which nerve supplies the teres major muscle ?

A

Lower Subscapular Nerve (C5,6)

32
Q

Structure of deltoid

A

Multipenate muscle

33
Q

State the 3 parts of the deltoid muscle

A

Anterior (Clavicular)

Middle (Acromial)

Posterior (Spinal)

34
Q

State the function of the anterior part of the deltoid muscle

A

Anterior part - aka Clavicular part

  • Flexion
  • (Medial Rotation)
35
Q

State the function of the middle part of the deltoid muscle

A

Middle part - aka Acromial part

  • Abduction
36
Q

State the function of the posterior part of the deltoid muscle

A

Posterior part - aka Spinal part

  • Extension
  • Lateral Rotation
37
Q

What movement do you get when all 3 parts of the deltoid work together ?

A

Abduction

38
Q

Function of teres major muscle

A

Arises from the inferior angle of the scapula

Inserts into the medial lip of the intertibercular sulcus

ACTION :
- Adduction @ GH joint
- Medial rotation @ GH joint

39
Q

State the muscles in the rotator cuff

A

Supraspinatus - Above spine of scapula
Infraspinatus - Below spine of Scapula
Teres Minor - Beside infraspinatus
Subscapularis - Anterior side of scapula

40
Q

What nerve supplies the supraspinatus muscle ?

A

Supracapular nerve (C4,5,6) : C5 imp.

41
Q

What nerve supplies the infraspinatus muscle ?

A

Supracapular nerve (C5,6) : C5 imp.

42
Q

What nerve supplies the teres minor muscle ?

A

Axillary nerve (C5,6) : C6 imp.

43
Q

What nerve supplies the subscapularis muscle ?

A

U and L Subscapular nerves (C5,6,7) : C6 imp.

44
Q

Describe the significance of the rotator cuff

A

Very important for CH joint stability
- Holds the humeral head in the glenoid fossa

45
Q

Where do the rotator cuff muscles insert ?

A

Head of the humerus and fuse with the joint capsule of the humerus.

3 insert on GREATER TUBEROSITY
-Supraspinatus
-Infraspinatus
- Teres minor

1 onto the LESSER TUBEROSITY
-Subscapularis

46
Q

Location of rotator cuff muscles

A

Surround the humeral head

Supraspinatus runs beneath acromion
- Subacromial bursa
- Inflation
- Impingement

47
Q

What is the most common appearance for a dislocated shoulder ?

A

Anterior dislocation

48
Q

What muscle is responsible for the 1st 15degrees of GH abduction ?

A

Supraspinatus muscle
Initiates abduction

49
Q

Function of Supraspinatus muscle

A

Initiates the first 15 degrees of abduction

50
Q

Function of Infraspinatus muscle

A

External rotation

51
Q

Function of Teres minor muscle

A

External rotation

52
Q

Function of Subscapularis muscle

A

Internal rotation

53
Q

Describe fascia of the pectoral and scapular regions

A

Deep fascia for each muscle

Clavipectoral fascia
Pectoral fascia

Axillary fascia

Brachial fascia - sock

Infraspinatus and Supraspinatus fascia

54
Q

Describe the fascia around pectoralis minor

A

Clavipectoral fascia

55
Q

Describe the fascia around pectoralis major

A

Pectoral fascia

56
Q

What is the axillary fascia ?

A

The blending of the clavipectoral fascia and the pectoral fascia.

Axillary fascia
- Floor of the axilla
- Axillary fossa

57
Q

Features of infraspinatus and supraspinatus fascia

A

Really dense
Origin of the muscles

58
Q

Describe the walls and contents of the axilla

A

The axilla has 4 walls :

Anterior
Posterior
Medial
Lateral

59
Q

Describe the anterior wall of the axilla

A

Pectoralis Major
Pectoralis Minor
Fascia

60
Q

Describe the posterior wall of the axilla

A

Scapula
Subscapularis
Teres Major
Latissimus Dorsi

61
Q

Describe the medial wall of the axilla

A

Ribs 1-4
Serratus Anterior

62
Q

Describe the lateral wall of the axilla

A

Humerus
(inter-tubercular groove)

63
Q

Describe the floor of the axilla

A

Skin and Axillary Fascia

64
Q

What is the axilla ?

A

Pyramidal shaped conduit between the root of the limb and the upper neck.

Bounded anteriorly, posteriorly, medially and laterally

65
Q

Describe the extent of the axilla

A

Continuous above
- Cervico-axillary canal
- 1st rib, scapula, clavicle

Continuous below
- Medially : thoracic wall
- Laterally : upper limb

Anterior Fold : formed by
- pec. major

Posterior fold : formed by
- teres major, lat. dorsi

66
Q

Describe the contents of the axilla

A

Axillary vessels

Brachial plexus
- cords and branches

Axillary sheath
- from pre vertebral fascia

67
Q

Describe the “gateways”

A

2 gateways :

  • Axilla
  • Scapular Region
68
Q

Lymphatics of the axilla

A

Drains the upper limb and thoracic wall

Axillary tail of the breast

5 groups :
- Anterior
- Lateral
- Posterior
- Central
- Apical

Go to the subclavian trunk
And onto respective lymph trunks

69
Q

Gateways to the posterior limb

A

Upper triangular
Quadrangular
Lower Triangular

70
Q

Describe the contents of the quadrangular space of the scapular region

A

Posterior circumflex humeral artery
Axillary nerve

71
Q

State the borders of the quadrangular space of the scapular region

A

Teres Minor
Teres Major
Humerus
Long head of triceps

72
Q

Describe the contents of the upper triangular space of the scapular region

A

Circumflex Scapular artery
Leads to scapular anastomosis

73
Q

State the borders of the upper triangular space of the scapular region

A

Teres Minor
Teres Major
Long Head of Triceps

74
Q

Describe the contents of the lower triangular space of the scapular region

A

Radial nerve
Profunda Brachii artery
Leads to spiral groove

75
Q

State the borders of the lower triangular space (TRIANGULAR INTERVAL) of the scapular region

A

Lateral head of triceps
Long head of triceps
Teres major

Medicine Year 1 - Semester 2 - Part 1 (51 decks)

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