Osteology and Circulation of the upper limb Flashcards
Name the bones of the upper limb
Scapula
Clavicle
Humerus
Radius
Ulna
Carpals
Metacarpals
Phalanges
State some features of the clavicle
S - shaped
Smooth superior surface
Rough inferior surface
Round proximal end
Flat distal end
Describe some features of the sternoclavicular joint
Very strong ligaments
Fibrocartilage lined joint
Articular disc
(proximal is stronger than distal)
Name some prominent parts of the scapula
Acromion
Coracoid process
Articular surface for clavicle
Name the ligaments found in the scapula
Acromioclavicular ligament
Coracoclavicular ligament
What 2 ligaments form the coracoclavicular ligament ?
Trapezoid ligament
Conoid ligament
State the 3 angles of the scapula
Superior
inferior
Lateral
State the 3 fossae of the scapula
Supraspinous
Infraspinous
Subscapular
State the 3 borders of the scapula
Medial
Lateral
Superior
State the attachment areas of the scapula
Glenoid fossa
Spine
Suprascapular notch
What forms the suprascapular notch ?
Upper transverse scapular ligament
Suprascapular foramen
Neurovascular relationships
Describe the structure of the proximal humerus
Head
2 tubercles
2 necks
Lumps, bumps and lines for muscle attachment
Name the 2 necks of the proximal humerus
Anatomical neck - epiphyseal growth plate
Surgical neck - associated with fractures
Briefly describe the glenohumeral joint
A joint capsule thickened by ligaments
- 3 glenohumeral ligaments :
- superior
- middle
- inferior
State the names of the 3 glenohumeral ligaments
Superior - Coraco-humeral ligament
Middle - Transverse humeral ligament
Inferior - Long head of biceps
What does the glenohumeral joint contain ?
Muscles (rotator cuff)
Bursae (subacromial and subscapular)
(also subcoracoid and coracobrahial) - bursae
Describe the structure of the humerus
2 Tubercles
- inter-tubercular sulcus
- medial lateral lips
Lumps, bumps and lines for muscle attachment
State the common places for humerus fractures
Surgical neck (axillary nerve)
Mid-shaft (spinal groove : radial nerve)
Supracondylar (median nerve)
Capitulum
Radius attachment
Trochlea
Ulna attachment
State some parts of the proximal ulna
Trochlear notch
Coronoid process
State some parts of the proximal radius
Rounded head
Neck
Radial tuberosity
Describe the elbow joint
Complex joint :
Humero-ulnar joint
Humero-radial joint
NOTE : Shares a capsule with the proximal radio-ulnar joint
What is known as “pulled elbow” ?
Annular Ligament
Describe the bursae in the elbow joint
They are named for the muscles to which they relate.
Olecranon bursae
State some features of the radius
Head
Neck
Radial tuberosity
Interosseous border
Pronator tuberosity
Radial styloid process
Facets for articulation with scaphoid and lunate bones
Dorsal tubercle
State some features of the ulna
Trochlear notch
Olecranon
Coronoid process
Radial notch
Tuberosity of ulna
Interosseous border
Ulnar styloid process
Where is the Colles fracture located ?
The distal radius
Looks like a dinner fork deformity
Describe the distal radio-ulnar joint
Fibrous disc
Anterior and posterior radio-ulnar ligaments (weak)
Synovial membrane
- sacciform recess to aid movement
What is radio-ulnar movement ?
Supination
Pronation
How many bones are in the hand ?
27 bones
14 Phalanges
5 Metacarpals
8 Carpals
Name the carpal bones
Scaphoid
Lunate
Triquetrum
Pisiform
Hamate
Capitate
Trapezoid
Trapezium
What 2 carpal bones are near the radius ?
Scaphoid and Lunate
Describe the radoiocarpal joint
“Wrist joint”
Ulna does not take part
Separated by a fibrocartilage disc
What ligaments are involved in the radoiocarpal joint ?
Palmar and dorsal radio-carpal ligaments
Palmar ulno-carpal ligament
Radial and ulnar collateral ligaments
What are inter-carpal joints involved in ?
They are plane joints
Involved in sliding movement
Describe the mid-carpal joints
Found between rows
Abduction / Extension
State the carpal joints
Inter-carpal
Mid carpal
Pisiotriquetral
Carpal-metacarpal
JOINTS
Describe carpal-metacarpal joints
1st saddle joint
2-5 condyloid joints
Describe the formation of the carpal tunnel
Carpal bones form a carpal arch
Flexor retinaculum forms a roof
Connects between medially :
- Hook of Hamate
- Pisiform
laterally :
- Tubercle of Trapezium
- Scaphoid
What type of joint is the 1st Carpal-metacarpal joint ?
Saddle joint
Separate from other CNC joints
What type of joint is Metacarpal-phalangeal joint ?
Condylar joint
Collateral and palmar ligaments
What type of joint is the Interphalangeal joint ?
Hinge joints
Collateral and palmar ligaments
Movement of interphalangeal joints
Flexion and Extension
Movement of Metacarpal-phalangeal joints
Flexion/Extension
Adduction/Abduction
Middle finger axis
