Osteology and Circulation of the upper limb

Question 1

Name the bones of the upper limb

Answer 1

Scapula
Clavicle
Humerus
Radius
Ulna
Carpals
Metacarpals
Phalanges

Question 2

State some features of the clavicle

Answer 2

S - shaped
Smooth superior surface
Rough inferior surface
Round proximal end
Flat distal end

Question 3

Describe some features of the sternoclavicular joint

Answer 3

Very strong ligaments
Fibrocartilage lined joint
Articular disc

(proximal is stronger than distal)

Question 4

Name some prominent parts of the scapula

Answer 4

Acromion
Coracoid process
Articular surface for clavicle

Question 5

Name the ligaments found in the scapula

Answer 5

Acromioclavicular ligament
Coracoclavicular ligament

Question 6

What 2 ligaments form the coracoclavicular ligament ?

Answer 6

Trapezoid ligament
Conoid ligament

Question 7

State the 3 angles of the scapula

Answer 7

Superior
inferior
Lateral

Question 8

State the 3 fossae of the scapula

Answer 8

Supraspinous
Infraspinous
Subscapular

Question 9

State the 3 borders of the scapula

Answer 9

Medial
Lateral
Superior

Question 10

State the attachment areas of the scapula

Answer 10

Glenoid fossa
Spine
Suprascapular notch

Question 11

What forms the suprascapular notch ?

Answer 11

Upper transverse scapular ligament
Suprascapular foramen
Neurovascular relationships

Question 12

Describe the structure of the proximal humerus

Answer 12

Head
2 tubercles
2 necks
Lumps, bumps and lines for muscle attachment

Question 13

Name the 2 necks of the proximal humerus

Answer 13

Anatomical neck - epiphyseal growth plate
Surgical neck - associated with fractures

Question 14

Briefly describe the glenohumeral joint

Answer 14

A joint capsule thickened by ligaments

• 3 glenohumeral ligaments :
• superior
• middle
• inferior

Question 15

State the names of the 3 glenohumeral ligaments

Answer 15

Superior - Coraco-humeral ligament
Middle - Transverse humeral ligament
Inferior - Long head of biceps

Question 16

What does the glenohumeral joint contain ?

Answer 16

Muscles (rotator cuff)
Bursae (subacromial and subscapular)

(also subcoracoid and coracobrahial) - bursae

Question 17

Describe the structure of the humerus

Answer 17

2 Tubercles
- inter-tubercular sulcus
- medial lateral lips

Lumps, bumps and lines for muscle attachment

Question 18

State the common places for humerus fractures

Answer 18

Surgical neck (axillary nerve)
Mid-shaft (spinal groove : radial nerve)
Supracondylar (median nerve)

Question 19

Capitulum

Answer 19

Radius attachment

Question 20

Trochlea

Answer 20

Ulna attachment

Question 21

State some parts of the proximal ulna

Answer 21

Trochlear notch
Coronoid process

Question 22

State some parts of the proximal radius

Answer 22

Rounded head
Neck
Radial tuberosity

Question 23

Describe the elbow joint

Answer 23

Complex joint :

Humero-ulnar joint
Humero-radial joint

NOTE : Shares a capsule with the proximal radio-ulnar joint

Question 24

What is known as “pulled elbow” ?

Answer 24

Annular Ligament

Question 25

Describe the bursae in the elbow joint

Answer 25

They are named for the muscles to which they relate.

Olecranon bursae

Question 26

State some features of the radius

Answer 26

Head
Neck
Radial tuberosity
Interosseous border
Pronator tuberosity
Radial styloid process
Facets for articulation with scaphoid and lunate bones
Dorsal tubercle

Question 27

State some features of the ulna

Answer 27

Trochlear notch
Olecranon
Coronoid process
Radial notch
Tuberosity of ulna
Interosseous border
Ulnar styloid process

Question 28

Where is the Colles fracture located ?

Answer 28

The distal radius
Looks like a dinner fork deformity

Question 29

Describe the distal radio-ulnar joint

Answer 29

Fibrous disc
Anterior and posterior radio-ulnar ligaments (weak)

Synovial membrane
- sacciform recess to aid movement

Question 30

What is radio-ulnar movement ?

Answer 30

Supination
Pronation

Question 31

How many bones are in the hand ?

Answer 31

27 bones

14 Phalanges
5 Metacarpals
8 Carpals

Question 32

Name the carpal bones

Answer 32

Scaphoid
Lunate
Triquetrum
Pisiform
Hamate
Capitate
Trapezoid
Trapezium

Question 33

What 2 carpal bones are near the radius ?

Answer 33

Scaphoid and Lunate

Question 34

Describe the radoiocarpal joint

Answer 34

“Wrist joint”

Ulna does not take part
Separated by a fibrocartilage disc

Question 35

What ligaments are involved in the radoiocarpal joint ?

Answer 35

Palmar and dorsal radio-carpal ligaments

Palmar ulno-carpal ligament

Radial and ulnar collateral ligaments

Question 36

What are inter-carpal joints involved in ?

Answer 36

They are plane joints
Involved in sliding movement

Question 37

Describe the mid-carpal joints

Answer 37

Found between rows
Abduction / Extension

Question 38

State the carpal joints

Answer 38

Inter-carpal
Mid carpal
Pisiotriquetral
Carpal-metacarpal

JOINTS

Question 39

Describe carpal-metacarpal joints

Answer 39

1st saddle joint
2-5 condyloid joints

Question 40

Describe the formation of the carpal tunnel

Answer 40

Carpal bones form a carpal arch
Flexor retinaculum forms a roof

Connects between medially :
- Hook of Hamate
- Pisiform

laterally :
- Tubercle of Trapezium
- Scaphoid

Question 41

What type of joint is the 1st Carpal-metacarpal joint ?

Answer 41

Saddle joint
Separate from other CNC joints

Question 42

What type of joint is Metacarpal-phalangeal joint ?

Answer 42

Condylar joint
Collateral and palmar ligaments

Question 43

What type of joint is the Interphalangeal joint ?

Answer 43

Hinge joints
Collateral and palmar ligaments

Question 44

Movement of interphalangeal joints

Answer 44

Flexion and Extension

Question 45

Movement of Metacarpal-phalangeal joints

Answer 45

Flexion/Extension
Adduction/Abduction
Middle finger axis