Peasants, Trade And New Cities 10:2

Question 1

Name the 3 farming advances

Answer 1

🔻Harnessed the power of water and wind
🔻devices were made from iron (carruca)
🔻change in crop rotation

Question 2

What is a carruca

Answer 2

Heavy-wheeled plow with an iron plowshare
Plown by six-eight oxen
Led to the growth of farming villages

Question 3

How does the Three-field crop rotation work

Answer 3

Farmers allowed 1/3 of the field to lie fallow to regain fertility

Question 4

These are agricultural estates a lord ran and peasants worked

Answer 4

Manors

Question 5

Define serfs

Answer 5

Peasants legally bound to the land but were cannot be sold

Question 6

Benefits of a serf staying in a manor

Answer 6

They cant be sold into slavery
They can use the lord’s amenities
They have shelter
Protection

Question 7

Responsibilities of a serf

Answer 7

Worked the Lord’s land 3 days a week
Paid rents as payment of amenities
Couldnt leave without permission
Could be tried in court

Question 8

What was the staple of Medieval food

Answer 8

Bread

Question 9

What was the use of salt

Answer 9

Preserved meat through the winter

Question 10

What were the two trading centers in the Mediterranean

Answer 10

Venice, Italy and Flanders

Due to the mercantile fleet

Question 11

What is a mercantile fleet

Answer 11

Fleet of Trading ships

Question 12

It is the Medieval Trade Association

Alliance of european cities that banded together for mutual trade and economic oppurtunity

Answer 12

Hanseatic League

Question 13

What is commercial capitalism

Answer 13

Economic system in which people invested in trade and goods for profit

Question 14

What did the banking firms issue in placd of gold

Answer 14

Letter of credit

Question 15

What are the Annual Trade Fairs?

Answer 15

Initiated by the counts of champagne.

Sold spices and other products

Question 16

Where were the trade fairs held

Answer 16

Near the castle for their protection

Question 17

What was the attraction in the trade fairs

Answer 17

Vesters or performers
Processions
Wanted to see humiliation

Question 18

Where did merchants settle?

Answer 18

Old roman cities

Question 19

Who developed skills and saw a chance to make goods that the merchants could sell

Answer 19

Artisans

Question 20

Define bourgeoisie

Answer 20

“Walled enclosure”
Merchants and artisans from old roman cities
Created the middle class (no obligation to lords)

Question 21

What did the bourgeoisie do with their money?

Answer 21

Bought their freedom and laws they wanted

Question 22

Give the four laws that were bought by artisans

Answer 22

Right to buy and sell property
Freedom from military service
Freedom was guaranteed
Escaped serf can become free after 366 days

Question 23

Who were considered citizens

Answer 23

Males who were born in the city

Question 24

These people were elected for public office

Answer 24

Patrician citizens

Question 25

Describe the city

Answer 25

Smelled of human waste Air pollution was evident Narrow streets Had walls

Question 26

What was the role of women

Answer 26

``` Supervised the household Prepare meals and raise children Did finances Helped in trade and had extra trades for extra Widows continue trade Independent ```

Question 27

What are Guilds

Answer 27

Business associations

Question 28

Benefits of being part of a guild

Answer 28

You cant sell if you aren't part Protected its members Fixed a price and quality Ensured of FAIR competition

Question 29

What is a Moat

Answer 29

Protects Manor/ castle

Question 30

What was the reason behind the development of agriculture in europe?

Answer 30

Population grew and there were more settlers | Climate change improved growing conditions