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Neurology > PDF - Language > Flashcards

PDF - Language Flashcards

1
Q

What is speech?

A

The production of audible sounds which may or may not be used to communicate
- Consists of phonation and articulation

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2
Q

What is phonation?

A

Sound production using the vocal cords which is innervated by the vagus nerve

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3
Q

What is articulation?

A

Sound production by actions and positions of lips tongue, palate, and pharynx which are innervated by VII, IX, X, and XII

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4
Q

Word for abnormal articulation?

A

Dysarthria

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5
Q

Name for abnormal phonation?

A

Dysphonia

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6
Q

What is language?

A

Communication by symbols that is not limited to sounds

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7
Q

Where are the language centers?

A
  • Comprehension and expression of language are in the dominant hemisphere of the cerebral cortex
  • Left is dominant in half left handed and almost all right handed
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8
Q

Vascular supply of major language centers?

A

MCA

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9
Q

What is aphasia?

A

Disorder of previously acquired language ability

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10
Q

What is fluency?

A

Ease, facility, and quantity of speech regardless of content or meaning

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11
Q

When is comprehension intact?

A

When verbal or written commands are followed

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12
Q

When is repetition intact?

A

If a phrase can be perfectly repeated

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13
Q

Lesion leading to imperfect repetition?

A
  1. Perisylvian language center: Broca or Wernicke

2. Arcuate fasciculus connecting them

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14
Q

What is a paraphasia?

A

Abnormal word or syllable substitution
- Common in lesions at posterior language center (Wernicke’s)
EG: “Open the ‘B’oor”, “The grass is ‘blue’”

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15
Q

What is a neologism?

A

Most sever paraphasia: nonsensical or foreign sounding word

“That is a blastorate”

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16
Q

Location of Broca and Wernicke?

A

Broca: anterior
Wernicke: posterior
- Connected by arcuate fasciculus

17
Q

Cause Broca’s?

A

Lesion in posterior inferior frontal lobe in dominant hemisphere

18
Q

What does a lesion in the posterior inferior frontal lobe in dominant hemisphere cause?

A

Broca’s

19
Q

Presentation Broca’s?

A
  1. Fluency impaired: speaking effortful
    - Much time to say few words
  2. Comprehension preserved: frustrated at deficit
  3. Repetition is imperfect
    * *Often there is accompanying right hemiparesis
20
Q

Cause Wernicke’s?

A

Posterior, superior temporal lobe lesion in dominant hemisphere

21
Q

What does a posterior, superior temporal lobe dominant lesion cause?

A

Wernicke’s

22
Q

Presentation Wernicke’s?

A
  1. Preserved fluency
    - Lots of words, make little sense
  2. Comprehension impaired
    - Can cause paranoia
  3. Repetition is imperfect
    * **Appear drunk, intoxicated, or crazy
23
Q

What does lesion in arcuate fasciculus cause?

A

Conductive aphasia

24
Q

Cause conductive aphasia?

A

Lesion in arcuate fasciculus

25
Q

Repetition in various types of aphasias?

A

Imperfect in all

26
Q

Presentation conductive aphasia?

A
  1. Fluent
  2. intermediate repetition
  3. Intermediate comprehension
27
Q

Cause Global aphasia?

A

Large lesion damaging entire Perisylvian language center?

28
Q

Presentation Global aphasia?

A

Person is awake but unable to speak or understand

- Usually a severe hemiplegia is seen

29
Q

What is alexia?

A

Impairment in reading: can occur when visual cortex disconnected from language centers

30
Q

What is agraphia?

A

Inability to write: when motor cortex for dominant hand disconnected from language center

31
Q

What does non dominant language center take care of?

A

Prosody

32
Q

What is prosody?

A

Semantic and emotional parts of speech as conveyed in pitch, inflection, melody, and tone

33
Q

What is aprosodia?

A

Impairment of prosody: lesion in non dominant language hemisphere

34
Q

What is receptive aprosodia?

A

Lesion in non dominant Wernicke’s area

  • Trouble interpreting other’s prosody
  • Cannot mimic this aspect of others speech
  • Normal prosody and gesturing when they speak
35
Q

Lesion in non dominant posterior, inferior frontal lobe?

A

Expressive aprosodia

Neurology (37 decks)

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