PDF - Dementia Flashcards
What is immediate memory?
State of attentiveness required to learn something
What is recent / ST memory?
Ability to recall several pieces of info after a few minutes
What is remote memory?
“Long term”
- Ability to recall info hours / days / weeks after they occured
Brain structures involved in memory?
- Temporal lobe
- Thalamus
- Mammillary bodies
- Hippocampus
Pathology Wernicke Korsakoff?
Thiamine deficiency causing lesions in mamillary bodies and thalamus
What is apraxia?
Inability to perform a previously learned motor skill on command
- EG: comb your hair, salute the flag
- However could spontaneously do these
When is gait apraxia seen?
Prefrontal lobe lesion
- Inability to walk on command as if feet glued
When are constructional and dressing apraxia seen?
Posterior cortical lesions especially involving parietal lobe
Presentation of Posterior cortical lesions especially involving parietal lobe?
Construction apraxia
Dressing apraxia
What is agnosia?
Inability to recognize something by a sensory stimuli
- Could not name bell on hearing it
- Can name bell on hearing it
Cause agnosia?
Lesion in sensory association cortex
Presentation prefrontal / frontal lobe syndrome?
- Poor hygiene
- Listless / apathetic
- Incontinence
- Poor judgement
- Inappropriate sexual behavior
When are suck, snout, and root signs seen?
“Frontal lobe release signs”
Seen in Frontal / Prefrontal syndromes
What is gegenhalten / paratonia?
Increased tone as examiner moves limb more rapidly
- Seen in frontal lobe syndromes
Temporal lesion signs?
- Amnesia (hippocampal lesions)
2. Cortical Deafness
Cause Wernicke’s Aphasia?
Unilateral lesion in Superior-Posterior Dominant temporal lobe
What does a unilateral lesion in Superior-Posterior Dominant temporal lobe cause?
Wernicke’s aphasia
What are parietal lobe signs?
- Astereognosis
- Cant identify object by touching / holding - Agraphesthesia
- Can’t recognize number written on skin - Extinction of double simultaneous stimulation
Where is lesion:
- Astereognosis
- Cant identify object by touching / holding - Agraphesthesia
- Can’t recognize number written on skin - Extinction of double simultaneous stimulation
Parietal lobe
What is anosognosia?
“Hemispatial neglect”
- Could be aware half of body is paralyzed
- Caused by lesion in non dominant parietal lobe
Cause hemispatial neglect?
- Caused by lesion in non dominant parietal lobe
Which is the dominant parietal lobe?
Left
What is Gerstmann’s syndrome?
Lesion in supramarginal / angular gyrus of dominant parietal lobe:
- Agraphia
- R/L disorientation
- Finger agnosia
- Dyscalculia
Lesion in the following:
- Agraphia
- R/L disorientation
- Finger agnosia
- Discalcula
Lesion in supramarginal / angular gyrus of dominant parietal lobe:
“Gerstmann’s syndrome”
Cause color anomia?
Dominant temporo occipital lesion
Visual agnosia? Cause?
Can not recognize previous faces
- Bilateral temporo occipital lesion
Drugs that can slow alzheimers?
- Donepezil
- Rivastigmine
- Galantamine
4 Memantine
