PDF - Dementia

Question 1

What is immediate memory?

Answer 1

State of attentiveness required to learn something

Question 2

What is recent / ST memory?

Answer 2

Ability to recall several pieces of info after a few minutes

Question 3

What is remote memory?

Answer 3

“Long term”

- Ability to recall info hours / days / weeks after they occured

Question 4

Brain structures involved in memory?

Answer 4

1. Temporal lobe
2. Thalamus
3. Mammillary bodies
4. Hippocampus

Question 5

Pathology Wernicke Korsakoff?

Answer 5

Thiamine deficiency causing lesions in mamillary bodies and thalamus

Question 6

What is apraxia?

Answer 6

Inability to perform a previously learned motor skill on command

• EG: comb your hair, salute the flag
• However could spontaneously do these

Question 7

When is gait apraxia seen?

Answer 7

Prefrontal lobe lesion

- Inability to walk on command as if feet glued

Question 8

When are constructional and dressing apraxia seen?

Answer 8

Posterior cortical lesions especially involving parietal lobe

Question 9

Presentation of Posterior cortical lesions especially involving parietal lobe?

Answer 9

Construction apraxia

Dressing apraxia

Question 10

What is agnosia?

Answer 10

Inability to recognize something by a sensory stimuli

• Could not name bell on hearing it
• Can name bell on hearing it

Question 11

Cause agnosia?

Answer 11

Lesion in sensory association cortex

Question 12

Presentation prefrontal / frontal lobe syndrome?

Answer 12

1. Poor hygiene
2. Listless / apathetic
3. Incontinence
4. Poor judgement
5. Inappropriate sexual behavior

Question 13

When are suck, snout, and root signs seen?

Answer 13

“Frontal lobe release signs”

Seen in Frontal / Prefrontal syndromes

Question 14

What is gegenhalten / paratonia?

Answer 14

Increased tone as examiner moves limb more rapidly

- Seen in frontal lobe syndromes

Question 15

Temporal lesion signs?

Answer 15

1. Amnesia (hippocampal lesions)

2. Cortical Deafness

Question 16

Cause Wernicke’s Aphasia?

Answer 16

Unilateral lesion in Superior-Posterior Dominant temporal lobe

Question 17

What does a unilateral lesion in Superior-Posterior Dominant temporal lobe cause?

Answer 17

Wernicke’s aphasia

Question 18

What are parietal lobe signs?

Answer 18

1. Astereognosis
   - Cant identify object by touching / holding
2. Agraphesthesia
   - Can’t recognize number written on skin
3. Extinction of double simultaneous stimulation

Question 19

Where is lesion:

1. Astereognosis
   - Cant identify object by touching / holding
2. Agraphesthesia
   - Can’t recognize number written on skin
3. Extinction of double simultaneous stimulation

Answer 19

Parietal lobe

Question 20

What is anosognosia?

Answer 20

“Hemispatial neglect”

• Could be aware half of body is paralyzed
• Caused by lesion in non dominant parietal lobe

Question 21

Cause hemispatial neglect?

Answer 21

• Caused by lesion in non dominant parietal lobe

Question 22

Which is the dominant parietal lobe?

Answer 22

Left

Question 23

What is Gerstmann’s syndrome?

Answer 23

Lesion in supramarginal / angular gyrus of dominant parietal lobe:

1. Agraphia
2. R/L disorientation
3. Finger agnosia
4. Dyscalculia

Question 24

Lesion in the following:

1. Agraphia
2. R/L disorientation
3. Finger agnosia
4. Discalcula

Answer 24

Lesion in supramarginal / angular gyrus of dominant parietal lobe:
“Gerstmann’s syndrome”

Question 25

Cause color anomia?

Answer 25

Dominant temporo occipital lesion

Question 26

Visual agnosia? Cause?

Answer 26

Can not recognize previous faces

- Bilateral temporo occipital lesion

Question 27

Drugs that can slow alzheimers?

Answer 27

1. Donepezil
2. Rivastigmine
3. Galantamine
   4 Memantine