PDD C6 Flashcards
1
Q
What are specifications?
A
- Statements that spell out, in precise, measurable detail what the product has to do
- Do not specify how to meet the needs and focus on the what
- Consists of a metric and a value
2
Q
When are specifications established?
A
- Immediately after customer needs are identified target specifications are set
- After the selection and testing of concepts the final specifications are set
3
Q
How are target specifications established?
A
- Prepare the list of metrics, matching measurable characteristics to needs then creating a needs-metric matrix
- Benchmark competitive products through testing and observation
- Set ideal and marginally acceptable values
- Reflect on the results/process
4
Q
What are guidelines for metrics?
A
- Should be complete
- Dependent variables
- Practical
- Some can be subjective
- Include popular criteria
5
Q
What are the 5 ways to express metrics?
A
- At least X
- At most X
- Between X and Y
- Exactly X
- A set of discrete values
6
Q
How are final specifications set?
A
- Develop technical models
- Develop a cost model
- Refine the specifications, making trade-offs
- Flow down the specifications
- Reflect on the results/process
7
Q
What is a technical model?
A
- A tool used to predict the values of metrics for a certain set of design variables
- Can be both analytical (calculation or simulation) or physical approximations of the product
8
Q
What is the purpose of developing a cost model?
A
- To ensure the product can be produced at the target cost
9
Q
What is the target cost?
A
- The cost at which the company and distributors make adequate profits and maintain competitive pricing
10
Q
How are cost models created?
A
- Bill of materials and estimation of purchase price/fabrication cost
- Bill of materials is constantly updated throughout the production process
11
Q
How are specifications refined?
A
- Using a competitive map, technical and cost models, and conjoint analysis
- Goal is to create a competitive product that satisfies needs and is profitable
12
Q
What are competitive maps?
A
- A scatter plot of competitive products and technical models along two metrics
13
Q
What is conjoint analysis?
A
- Uses customer survey data to create a model of preferences
- Used to rank the relative importance of attributes
14
Q
What does it mean to “flow-down” specifications?
A
- Ensure that the overall specifications are met by subsystems
- Balance the difficulty of meeting specifications
- Use budget allocations and subsystem performance
15
Q
What reflection questions are asked?
A
- Is the product profitable and does it meet needs?
- How much uncertainty exists in the models?
- Is the concept suited best to the target market?
- Do more models need to be produced?
