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Biochem > PCOL 812 Exam 2 > Flashcards

PCOL 812 Exam 2 Flashcards

1
Q

What is the first treatment option for dry-eye disease?

A

Artificial tears + non-pharm tx

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2
Q

Which type of artificial tears are recommended and why?

A

preservative-free because it can be used several times a day. Although the product does not last very long.

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3
Q

what is one side effect of artificial tears?

A

Blurry vision.

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4
Q

Who can use artificial tears?

A

All ages, all patients with any type of medical condition.

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5
Q

How should artificial tears be used?

A

BID but may increase to 3-4x daily

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6
Q

what are the non-pharm treatment options for dry eye?

A

avoid dry/dusty places, warm compress (causes vasodilation), Omega 3 fish oil.

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7
Q

what is the first line tx for allergic conjunctivitis?

A

Artificial tears

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8
Q

What are non-pharm tx options for allergic conjunctivitis?

A

cold compress to vasoconstrict, avoid allergen, wear sunglasses.

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9
Q

What do ophthalmic decongestants/alpha-adrenergic agonists do?

A

They cause vasoconstriction which gets rid of redness.

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10
Q

what are the four ophthalmic decongestants?

A
  1. Phenylephrine
  2. Naphazoline
  3. Tetrahydrozoline
  4. Brimonidine
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11
Q

what is the ooa for phenylephrine? and age restriction?

A

> 5, 30-90 minutes

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12
Q

what is the ooa for naphazoline? and age restriction?

A

> 5, 3-4 hours

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13
Q

what is the ooa for tetrahydrozoline? and age restriction?

A

> 5, 1-4 hours

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14
Q

what is the ooa for brimonidine? and age restriction?

A

> 5, 6-8 hours

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15
Q

What are risks associated with ophthalmic decongestants?

A

ingestion causes vasoconstriction to the heart, coronary emergencies and death in kids. Rebound congestion (redness comes back after a few days). Increase in blood pressure.

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16
Q

who should avoid ophthalmic decongestants?

A

Patients with hypertension, heart disease, and open angle glaucoma.

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17
Q

what is one combination of ophthalmic antihistamine and decongestant? which age group can use this?

A

pheniramine maleate + Naphazoline. >5

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18
Q

what is 2nd line treatment for allergic conjunctivitis?

A

Ophthalmic antihistamine/Mast cell stabilizers.

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19
Q

what are the 3 common ophthalmic antihistamines/mast cell stabilizers?

A
  1. Ketotifen
  2. Olopatadine
  3. alcaftadine
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20
Q

what age groups should use ophthalmic antihistamines? why?

A

greater than 5. Because they are always combined with a decongestant.

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21
Q

which patients should avoid ophthalmic antihistamines?

A

hypertension, heart disease, open angle glaucoma

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22
Q

when should ophthalmic antihistamines be used?

A

24 hours after trial of artificial tears.

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23
Q

what is the duration of action for ophthalmic antihistamine?

A

12-24 hours

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24
Q

Ketotifen age, ooa, directions:

A

greater than or equal to 3. Use every 8-12 hours, no more than BID

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25
Q

olopatadine age, ooa, directions?

A

greater than or equal to 2. Use every 6-8 hours. If using 0.1% may use BID but if using 0.2% or 0.7% use qd. olopatadine has the most SE of all.

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26
Q

alcaftadine age, ooa, directions?

A

greater than or equal to 3. Use every 8-12 hours no more than BID. alcaftadine has the least SE of all.

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27
Q

which two eye problems need a diagnosis before doing self-treatment?

A

Corneal edema and age related macular degeneration (AMD).

28
Q

What is the tx for corneal edema?

A

Hyperosmotics

29
Q

If object is ___ and ___ causing foreign substance pain. Do not self treat.

A

wood and metal

30
Q

what is the tx for foreign substance?

A

Ocular irrigants

31
Q

In patients with artificial eyes, what can be used for cleaning/lubricating?

A

tyloxapol 0.25% and BAK 0.02%

32
Q

If patient is experiencing minor eye irritation from swimming, whats the tx?

A

artificial tears.

33
Q

where are fungal infections located?

A

areas where there is excess moist. Such as feet, groin, scalp, underarms

34
Q

Which type of skin disorder is this: Have an unpleasant smell, thickened skin, acute vesicular rash, or fine scaling of the area with varing degrees of inflammation; cracks and fissures may also be present.

A

Fungal skin infection

35
Q

Which type of skin disorder is this: Manifests as a variety of lesions: raised wheals, fluid-filled vesicles, or both.

A

Contact dermatitis

36
Q

Which type of skin disorder is this: manifests as a variety of lesions, from macules to pustules to ulcers with surrounding redness; lesions often warmer than surrounding, unaffected skin.

A

Bacterial skin infection

37
Q

which two skin disorders can spread?

A

Fungal and bacterial skin infections

38
Q

another name for athletes foot is?

A

Tinea Pedis

39
Q

Another name for ringworm of body is?

A

Tinea Corporis

40
Q

Another name for Jock itch is?

A

Tinea cruris

41
Q

Another name for ringworm of the nail or onychomycosis is?

A

Tinea unguium

42
Q

Another name for ringworm of the scalp is?

A

Tinea Capitis

43
Q

which two tinea’s need to be referred?

A

Tinea Unguium and Tinea Capitis

44
Q

if patient is on warfarin, which medication do we avoid?

A

Topical Miconazole

45
Q

what are the most effective and efficient dosage forms for delivery of drug to the epidermis?

A

creams and solutions

46
Q

what is appropriate age for miconazole and clotrimazole?

A

Greater than or equal to 3.

47
Q

what is the appropriate age for Tolnaftate?

A

Greater than or equal to 3.

48
Q

What is the appropriate age for Terbinafine and Butenafine?

A

greater than or equal to 12.

49
Q

What is the appropriate age for undecylenic acid and aluminum salts?

A

greater or equal to 18.

50
Q

directions for clotrimazole and miconazole?

A

Pedis: BID x4Wks
Corporis: BID x4Wks
Cruris: BID x2Wks

51
Q

Directions for Tolnaftate?

A

Pedis: Cream Once daily 4-6 wks
Spray BID 4-6 wks
Corporis: Cream once daily 4-6 wks
Spray BID 4-6 wks
Cruris: BID for 2 wks

52
Q

Directions for Terbinafine?

A

Pedis: Interdigital BID for 1 wk
Bottom/sides BID for 2 wks
Corporis: Once daily for 1 wk
cruris: Once daily for 1 wk

53
Q

Directions for Butenafine?

A

Pedis: Interdigital BID for 1 wk or QD for 4 wks. Bottom/sides AVOID!
Corporis: Once daily for 2 wks
Cruris: Once daily for 2 wks

54
Q

Directions for Undecylenic acid?

A

Pedis: BID for 4 wks
Corporis: BID for 4 wks
Cruris: BID for 2 wks

55
Q

Aluminum acetate should be used for cases of tinea pedis that are?

A

lesions with inflammation

56
Q

Aluminum chloride should be used for cases of tinea pedis that are?

A

wet, soggy, fissures

57
Q

in what days do you follow up for atopic dermatitis?

A

7 days

58
Q

what are the exclusions for atopic dermatits?

A

1.moderate to severe itching
2. large areas affected
3. less than 1 years old
4.infections signs present (yellow, crusting, red, swollen, pus)
5. Involvement of face or sensitive areas
6.If AD does not respond to treatment

59
Q

what are non-pharms for atopic dermatitis?

A

Moisturize, avoid hot baths, avoid extreme temps, wet wraps, for children: keep nails short, identify irritant/allergen and avoid it.

60
Q

what can be used to bath for atopic dermatitis?

A

Soak/seal, bleach bath, oatmeal, wet wraps

61
Q

what can be used to restore hydration for atopic dermatitis?

A

bath oils, cleansers, moisturizers.

62
Q

what are pharm options for atopic dermatitis?

A

first line: Hydrocortisone 0.5-1% cream and antihistamines topical (diphenhydramine and doxylamine)
2nd line: phototherapy

63
Q

what are exclusions only pertaining to psoriasis?

A
  1. involvement of greater than 5% BSA or face
    • for joint pain
  3. More than a few lesions
  4. legions larger than the size of a quarter
64
Q

what are the two exclusion criteria for scaly dermatoses?

A

-less than 2 yo
-worsening of symptoms or no improvement after 2 weeks of proper use of OTC

65
Q

location and description of dandruf?

A

scalp, thin white or grayish flakes with an even distribution on the scalp.

66
Q

location and description of seborrheic dermatitis?

A

scalp, face, trunk. macules, patches, thin plaques of discrete yellow, oily scales on red or hypopigmented skin.

67
Q
A

Biochem (15 decks)

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