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Biochem > PCOL 812 Exam 2 > Flashcards

PCOL 812 Exam 2 Flashcards

1
Q

What is the first treatment option for dry-eye disease?

A

Artificial tears + non-pharm tx

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2
Q

Which type of artificial tears are recommended and why?

A

preservative-free because it can be used several times a day. Although the product does not last very long.

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3
Q

what is one side effect of artificial tears?

A

Blurry vision.

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4
Q

Who can use artificial tears?

A

All ages, all patients with any type of medical condition.

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5
Q

How should artificial tears be used?

A

BID but may increase to 3-4x daily

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6
Q

what are the non-pharm treatment options for dry eye?

A

avoid dry/dusty places, warm compress (causes vasodilation), Omega 3 fish oil.

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7
Q

what is the first line tx for allergic conjunctivitis?

A

Artificial tears

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8
Q

What are non-pharm tx options for allergic conjunctivitis?

A

cold compress to vasoconstrict, avoid allergen, wear sunglasses.

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9
Q

What do ophthalmic decongestants/alpha-adrenergic agonists do?

A

They cause vasoconstriction which gets rid of redness.

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10
Q

what are the four ophthalmic decongestants?

A
  1. Phenylephrine
  2. Naphazoline
  3. Tetrahydrozoline
  4. Brimonidine
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11
Q

what is the ooa for phenylephrine? and age restriction?

A

> 5, 30-90 minutes

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12
Q

what is the ooa for naphazoline? and age restriction?

A

> 5, 3-4 hours

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13
Q

what is the ooa for tetrahydrozoline? and age restriction?

A

> 5, 1-4 hours

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14
Q

what is the ooa for brimonidine? and age restriction?

A

> 5, 6-8 hours

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15
Q

What are risks associated with ophthalmic decongestants?

A

ingestion causes vasoconstriction to the heart, coronary emergencies and death in kids. Rebound congestion (redness comes back after a few days). Increase in blood pressure.

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16
Q

who should avoid ophthalmic decongestants?

A

Patients with hypertension, heart disease, and open angle glaucoma.

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17
Q

what is one combination of ophthalmic antihistamine and decongestant? which age group can use this?

A

pheniramine maleate + Naphazoline. >5

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18
Q

what is 2nd line treatment for allergic conjunctivitis?

A

Ophthalmic antihistamine/Mast cell stabilizers.

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19
Q

what are the 3 common ophthalmic antihistamines/mast cell stabilizers?

A
  1. Ketotifen
  2. Olopatadine
  3. alcaftadine
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20
Q

what age groups should use ophthalmic antihistamines? why?

A

greater than 5. Because they are always combined with a decongestant.

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21
Q

which patients should avoid ophthalmic antihistamines?

A

hypertension, heart disease, open angle glaucoma

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22
Q

when should ophthalmic antihistamines be used?

A

24 hours after trial of artificial tears.

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23
Q

what is the duration of action for ophthalmic antihistamine?

A

12-24 hours

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24
Q

Ketotifen age, ooa, directions:

A

greater than or equal to 3. Use every 8-12 hours, no more than BID

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25
olopatadine age, ooa, directions?
greater than or equal to 2. Use every 6-8 hours. If using 0.1% may use BID but if using 0.2% or 0.7% use qd. olopatadine has the most SE of all.
26
alcaftadine age, ooa, directions?
greater than or equal to 3. Use every 8-12 hours no more than BID. alcaftadine has the least SE of all.
27
which two eye problems need a diagnosis before doing self-treatment?
Corneal edema and age related macular degeneration (AMD).
28
What is the tx for corneal edema?
Hyperosmotics
29
If object is ___ and ___ causing foreign substance pain. Do not self treat.
wood and metal
30
what is the tx for foreign substance?
Ocular irrigants
31
In patients with artificial eyes, what can be used for cleaning/lubricating?
tyloxapol 0.25% and BAK 0.02%
32
If patient is experiencing minor eye irritation from swimming, whats the tx?
artificial tears.
33
where are fungal infections located?
areas where there is excess moist. Such as feet, groin, scalp, underarms
34
Which type of skin disorder is this: Have an unpleasant smell, thickened skin, acute vesicular rash, or fine scaling of the area with varing degrees of inflammation; cracks and fissures may also be present.
Fungal skin infection
35
Which type of skin disorder is this: Manifests as a variety of lesions: raised wheals, fluid-filled vesicles, or both.
Contact dermatitis
36
Which type of skin disorder is this: manifests as a variety of lesions, from macules to pustules to ulcers with surrounding redness; lesions often warmer than surrounding, unaffected skin.
Bacterial skin infection
37
which two skin disorders can spread?
Fungal and bacterial skin infections
38
another name for athletes foot is?
Tinea Pedis
39
Another name for ringworm of body is?
Tinea Corporis
40
Another name for Jock itch is?
Tinea cruris
41
Another name for ringworm of the nail or onychomycosis is?
Tinea unguium
42
Another name for ringworm of the scalp is?
Tinea Capitis
43
which two tinea's need to be referred?
Tinea Unguium and Tinea Capitis
44
if patient is on warfarin, which medication do we avoid?
Topical Miconazole
45
what are the most effective and efficient dosage forms for delivery of drug to the epidermis?
creams and solutions
46
what is appropriate age for miconazole and clotrimazole?
Greater than or equal to 3.
47
what is the appropriate age for Tolnaftate?
Greater than or equal to 3.
48
What is the appropriate age for Terbinafine and Butenafine?
greater than or equal to 12.
49
What is the appropriate age for undecylenic acid and aluminum salts?
greater or equal to 18.
50
directions for clotrimazole and miconazole?
Pedis: BID x4Wks Corporis: BID x4Wks Cruris: BID x2Wks
51
Directions for Tolnaftate?
Pedis: Cream Once daily 4-6 wks Spray BID 4-6 wks Corporis: Cream once daily 4-6 wks Spray BID 4-6 wks Cruris: BID for 2 wks
52
Directions for Terbinafine?
Pedis: Interdigital BID for 1 wk Bottom/sides BID for 2 wks Corporis: Once daily for 1 wk cruris: Once daily for 1 wk
53
Directions for Butenafine?
Pedis: Interdigital BID for 1 wk or QD for 4 wks. Bottom/sides AVOID! Corporis: Once daily for 2 wks Cruris: Once daily for 2 wks
54
Directions for Undecylenic acid?
Pedis: BID for 4 wks Corporis: BID for 4 wks Cruris: BID for 2 wks
55
Aluminum acetate should be used for cases of tinea pedis that are?
lesions with inflammation
56
Aluminum chloride should be used for cases of tinea pedis that are?
wet, soggy, fissures
57
in what days do you follow up for atopic dermatitis?
7 days
58
what are the exclusions for atopic dermatits?
1.moderate to severe itching 2. large areas affected 3. less than 1 years old 4.infections signs present (yellow, crusting, red, swollen, pus) 5. Involvement of face or sensitive areas 6.If AD does not respond to treatment
59
what are non-pharms for atopic dermatitis?
Moisturize, avoid hot baths, avoid extreme temps, wet wraps, for children: keep nails short, identify irritant/allergen and avoid it.
60
what can be used to bath for atopic dermatitis?
Soak/seal, bleach bath, oatmeal, wet wraps
61
what can be used to restore hydration for atopic dermatitis?
bath oils, cleansers, moisturizers.
62
what are pharm options for atopic dermatitis?
first line: Hydrocortisone 0.5-1% cream and antihistamines topical (diphenhydramine and doxylamine) 2nd line: phototherapy
63
what are exclusions only pertaining to psoriasis?
1. involvement of greater than 5% BSA or face 2. + for joint pain 3. More than a few lesions 4. legions larger than the size of a quarter
64
what are the two exclusion criteria for scaly dermatoses?
-less than 2 yo -worsening of symptoms or no improvement after 2 weeks of proper use of OTC
65
location and description of dandruf?
scalp, thin white or grayish flakes with an even distribution on the scalp.
66
location and description of seborrheic dermatitis?
scalp, face, trunk. macules, patches, thin plaques of discrete yellow, oily scales on red or hypopigmented skin.
67

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