PBL SEM1 Flashcards
which of these is not a sign of shock?
a) low BP
b) thirstiness
c) extreme pallor
d) clammy skin
b - symptom
dyspnoea is:
a) difficult or laboured breathing
b) shallow, rapid breathing that is difficult
c) deep, slow breahting that is difficult
d) shortness of breath
a
d - colloquial definition
shock refers to:
a) improper circulatory function leading to total body hypoxia
b) low blood volume leading to organ failure
c) low blood volume causing inadequate oxygen to the body
d) improper circulatory function of adequate oxygen to the body
d
true or false: blood volume and blood pressure are proportional
true
true or false: burns can lead to hypovolemic shock which caused by decreased totoal peripheral resistance
False: hypovolemic shock is due to low stroke volume
shock can be divided into two categories. what are they?
low stroke volume
decreased total peripheral resistance
which of the following types of shock is not due to decreased total peripheral resistance?
a) neurogenic
b) anaphylactic
c) obstructive
d) septic
c - low stroke volume
what type of shock is hypvolaemia, cardiogenic, and obstructive?
low stroke volume
where is hypovolemia initially recognised in the body?
baroreceptors and chemoreceptors in aortic arch and carotid arteries
During shock, patients often experience an increased heart rate. why?
a) patient is anxious from trauma
b) sympathetic nervous system releases adrenalin
c) sympathetic nervous system response to increase vasomotor tone
d) trying to compensate for blood loss
c
during shock, angiotensin II and anti-diuretic hormone are released in an attempt to:
a) increase fluid retention to elevate blood pressure
b) decrease fluid retention so the heart has an easier job
c) a downstream effect of sympathetic nervous system
d) none of the above
a
true or false: during shock, the body will switch to anaerobic metabolism due to hypoxia
true
progressive shock is characterised by:
a) reversible shock if treated immediately
b) positive feedback mechanisms which causes more disruption
c) a small window where a patient can be brought back from irreversible shock if treated effectively
d) none of the above
b
true or false: regarding shock, decreased BP leads to decreased stroke volume
true
during shock, total peripheral resistance will:
a) remain consistent
b) worsen with decreasing BP
c) increase as a compensatory mechanism
d) worsen with blood loss volume
b
true or false: during shock, fall in blood pH leads to increased vasoconstriction and decreased total peripheral resistance
false: leads to vasodilation
true or false: colloids require less volume as they are able to stay longer in the intravascular space
true
true or false: crystalloids will shift fluid from teh vascular space into the cells
true
formula for blood pressure is:
peripheral vascular resistance x (stroke volume x heart rate)
if the heart rate/systolic value >1 the patient is:
in shock
fluid replacement for shock is recommended at a 3:1 ratio. which solution is generally recommended?
crystalloid
John had a motor vehicle accident and was brought into emergency. his heart rate = 110bpm, blood pressure = 118/80 and respiratory rate = 24bpm. What class of shock is the patient in?
a) I
b) II
c) III
d) IV
b
A patient with a 3-day history of vomiting presents to his general practice. His blood pressure = 100/60, respiratory rate = 35bpm and he states he has voided about 5ml of urine in the past hour. What type of shock is this patient in?
a) I
b) II
c) III
d) IV
c
